北京地区大球盖菇农艺性状和营养成分评价

Comprehensive evaluation on agronomic traits and nutritional components of Stropharia rugosoannulata in Beijing area

【目的】筛选适宜在北京市推广种植的大球盖菇优良菌株,为大球盖菇生产和推广提供有力依据。【方法】以来自不同地区的红、黄两个品系共7个大球盖菇菌株为材料,实验室条件下比较母种和原种菌丝长势,日光温室栽培模式下比较一、二、三潮菇子实体的农艺性状和营养品质。【结果】红色系中的SS菌株和黄色品系中的011菌株的母种和原种菌丝生长速率最快,更为浓密均匀。田间栽培试验中,红色和黄色系中产量最高的菌株分别为SS和011,产量分别为3.10kg/m^(2)和2.64 kg/m^(2),同时菇形指数、单菇鲜重等农艺性状均优于同品系中其他菌株。营养品质方面,SS菌株一潮菇粗蛋白含量和总氨基酸含量显著高于其他红色系菌株;黄色品系中011表现出较高的粗多糖含量,其总氨基酸也最高。【结论】综合菌种长势、子实体农艺性状和营养品质相关指标,红色品系中的SS菌株和黄色品系中的011菌株表现最优,适宜在北京地区推广种植。

[Objective]This study aims to identify superior strains of Stropharia rugosoannulata for promotion and cultivation in Beijing,thereby providing a robust foundation for the production and dissemination of S.rugosoannulata.[Methods]A total of seven strains of S.rugosoannulata with red or yellow colors from different regions were used as research materials.The growth potential of the stock culture and mother spawn were assessed under laboratory condition.Additionally,the agronomic traits and nutritional quality of the first,second,and third flushes of fruiting bodies were compared using a solar greenhouse cultivation method.[Results]The mycelia of the SS in red strain and 011 in yellow strain demonstrated the most rapid growth rate,exhibiting greater density and uniformity.In the field cultivation trials,the SS and 011 strains yielded the highest outputs,with the yield recorded at 3.10 and 2.64 kg/m^(2),respectively.They also outperformed others within their respective categories in terms of mushroom shape index and individual fresh weight.Regarding nutritional quality,the crude protein content and total amino acid content of SS were significantly higher than that those of other red strains.The yellow strain 011 exhibited a higher crude polysaccharide content and the highest total amino acid[Conclusion]The results indicated that the SS in red strain and 011 in yellow strain displayed optimal performance in mycelium growth,agronomic traits and nutritional quality of fruiting bodies,making was suitable for widespread cultivation in the Beijing area.