抗原受体基因多样性产生机制的起源与演化

Origin and evolution of antigen receptor gene diversity

动物免疫系统根据其应答方式及存在形式的不同,可以分为天然免疫和适应性免疫.由于适应性免疫的关键器官/分子(比如胸腺//MHC)等只在有颌类脊椎动物中被发现,因此被认为是生命演化到高级阶段的体现,关于适应性免疫系统的起源一直是演化生物学和免疫学研究共同关注的重要问题.本文重点梳理了国内外学者近年来在抗原受体基因多样性产生机制及其演化等方面所取得的进展,尤其是在V(D)J重排机制的转座子起源及RAGL转座子的宿主驯化机制上.本文还总结了无颌类脊椎动物VLR受体及数个进化阶段特有的免疫多样性受体的研究进展.这些研究在完善经典免疫学理论的同时,也为医疗保健领域带来崭新的思路与技术.

The immune system can be divided into innate immunity and adaptive immunity.Since key organs and molecules of adaptive immunity,such as the thymus and the major histocompatibility complex,are present only in jawed vertebrates,they are considered an evolutionary innovation in vertebrates.Their origin has attracted substantial attention in the field of evolutionary biology and immunology.This review focuses on recent advancements made in the mechanism and evolution of antigen receptor gene diversity,specifically in the transposon origin of V(D)J rearrangement and host domestication mechanism of the RAGL transposons.This study also summarizes the research progress on VLR and other immune receptors with diversity in distinct evolutionary stages.This study delves into the evolutionary trajectory of antigen receptor gene diversity and provides new insights and technologies in the healthcare field.