华南地方猪肉品质及抗蓝耳病机制解析和种质资源创制

Research progress in pork quality and resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in south China and creation of germplasm resources

肉质与抗病力是猪的两个重要经济性状,解析其具体机制并创新种质是改良生猪的未来趋势.大量研究表明,肌内脂肪含量是影响猪肉品质最重要的因素之一.通过单细胞测序及成脂基因功能鉴定,中山大学育种团队成功解析了中国地方猪高肌内脂肪含量的成因,并通过单碱基突变创制出高瘦肉量、高肌内脂肪含量的基因编辑猪.猪蓝耳病曾经给我国生猪养殖业造成巨大损失,直到现在仍然是生猪养殖业两大重要传染病之一.本研究团队在蓝耳病病毒入侵、扩散、复制到释放各环节均有重要发现,并利用基因编辑技术将受体蛋白CD163中仅介导病毒脱壳的41个氨基酸精准删除,不仅获得了抗蓝耳病病毒的基因编辑猪,还最大限度地保留了CD163的生理功能.以上研究成果为猪的肉质改良以及抗病育种提供重要理论基础与新种质资源,并将推动我国生猪育种与养殖业快速发展.

Meat quality and disease resistance are critical economic traits in pigs,with significant implications for the industry.Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these traits and developing innovative germplasm resources are essential for future improvements.Intramuscular fat content has been consistently regarded as a key factor influencing pork quality.Through single-cell sequencing and functional identification of adipogenic genes,the research team successfully discovered the causes of high intramuscular fat content in Chinese indigenous pigs.By applying single-base mutation techniques,gene-edited pigs with both high lean muscle mass and elevated intramuscular fat content were generated.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS)has historically caused substantial losses to swine industry and remains one of the most significant infectious diseases affecting swine industry.The research team has made significant discoveries in all stages of the invasion,spread,replication,and release of the virus.Additionally,gene editing was employed to knock out 60 bases in the CD163 receptor protein that specifically mediate viral uncoating,resulting in geneedited pigs resistant to the PRRSV while preserving the physiological function of CD163.The advancements in these economically important traits provide an important theoretical foundation and new germplasm resources for improving meat quality and breeding disease-resistant pigs.This progress is expected to significantly accelerate the development of pig breeding and farming in China.