河南平顶山辛庄一号战国楚墓出土棺木漆膜科学分析

Analysis of the lacquering techniques for the coffin excavated from the Xinzhuang No.1 Chu tomb of the Warring States Period in Pingdingshan,Henan Province

为了解河南平顶山辛庄一号战国木棺的髹漆工艺并为保护修复提供相应的科学依据,采用超景深三维视频显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪、傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪、激光共焦拉曼光谱仪等现代分析设备,对中棺、内棺开展了漆膜剖面结构、漆膜成分的研究分析。结果表明:内棺漆膜主要分为4层结构,依次为木胎、底漆层、红色漆膜层和纹饰层;而中棺漆膜主要分为3层结构,依次为木胎、黑色底漆层和红色粉彩,中棺和内棺均没有漆灰层。漆膜成分主要为生漆,内棺内部漆膜成分主要为生漆和桐油。红色颜料为朱砂(HgS),黄色颜料为副雄黄(As 4S 4),黑色为生漆的自然色。研究结果可为战国木棺的髹漆彩绘修复提供基础数据。

In order to study the lacquering techniques used for the coffin excavated from the Xinzhuang No.1 Chu tomb of the Warring States Period in Pingdingshan,Henan Province,and to provide a corresponding scientific basis for conservation and restoration,several methods,including 3D video microscopy,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectrometry,and Raman spectrometry,were used to analyze the cross-section and composition of lacquer film of the intermediate and the inner coffin,which was preserved in good conditions.The results reveal that the lacquer film of the inner coffin was mainly divided into four layers(the wood layer,the lacquer layer,the pigmented surface layer,and the painted layer),and that of the intermediate coffin was mainly divided into three layers(the wood layer,the lacquer layer,and the red pastels surface layer).There was no ash layer in the lacquer film of the coffin.The main component of lacquer film was raw lacquer,and that inside the inner coffin was raw lacquer and tung oil.The pigment of the red film was cinnabar,the yellow pastel was pararealgar,and the black layer was raw lacquer.The results of this study could provide reference for the restoration of lacquered wooden coffins of the Warring States Period.