和田达玛沟出土唐花卉狩猎纹锦的科学分析与保护修复

Scientific analysis,conservation and restoration of Tang brocade with the flower and hunting pattern unearthed from Damago,Hotan

新疆和田策勒县达玛沟出土“唐花卉狩猎纹锦”,存在破裂、残缺、皱褶等文物病害,有必要进行科学的保护与修复。修复前,对织锦进行了现状记录和病害调查。通过形貌观察、横截面观察和红外光谱测试判断织锦由蚕丝织造而成,通过红外光谱测试和扫描电子显微镜观察判断经线劣化程度明显大于纬线,通过显微观察了解织锦的组织结构为斜纹纬锦,通过色值测量和色卡比对,记录织锦纬线的色值与色号,并通过高效液相色谱法初步分析其可能使用的染料。依据调查和检测结果制定了相应保护修复方案。针对织锦需保留正反两面原貌的修复需求,灵活运用针线法进行本体加固,并采用镶嵌支撑法营建稳定保存的小环境。保护修复后的织锦丝线稳固,整体牢固度明显提高,便于收藏、提取及展示,达到了预期效果。此次工作为今后同类文物的保护修复积累了参考经验。

The brocade with the flower and hunting pattern of the Tang Dynasty unearthed from Damago,Qira,Hotan,Xinjiang needs to be conserved and restored scientifically due to its poor condition,which includes cracking,incompleteness and creasing.Before restoration,disease investigation and condition recording were carried out.Through infrared(IR)spectrometry and observation of appearance and horizontal cross-section,it was determined that the brocade was woven with silk.The results of IR spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)show that the degree of deterioration of the warps was obviously more serious than that of the wefts.Microscopic observation results show that the fabric structure was weft brocade with a twill weave.Color values and codes of the wefts were recorded through color value measurement and color chart comparison.Possible dyestuffs used for the brocade were analyzed preliminarily based on data of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).A plan for the conservation and restoration was formulated according to the above investigation and testing results.Considering the restoration requirement for keeping both front and back sides in their original appearance,a needle and thread stitching method was utilized to reinforce the brocade,along with an inlay-support method for building a stable storage microenvironment.After conservation and restoration,the silk threads were secure and the overall firmness of the brocade was obviously improved,making the collection,moving and display of the brocade more convenient,exactly meeting the restoration team’s expectations.The entire work provides a good model for the conservation and restoration of similar cultural heritage objects in the future.