人机合作中延展的归责方式何以可能?

How Is It Possible to Resolve the Problem of Responsibility Attribution in Human-Machine Cooperation by the Extended Method?

人机合作是一种混合行动模式,其行动的后果不是由单个个体所导致,而是在人与机器的动态交互关系中产生。当损害发生时,倘若没有“谁”能够为交互行动所产生的后果负责,就会出现无人负责的责任困境。传统的个体主义路径由于采用分离的、立足于个人意向的以及静态封闭的归责形式,忽略了人机合作中混合的整体关系,不能有效地解决这一困境。这便需要以一种延展-耦合论的整体视角,依照延展的归责方式,把责任归于耦合的、立足于共同意向的以及动态开放的人机延展行动体,由此来回应责任归属难题。

Human-machine cooperation is a kind of mixed action mode,the consequences of its actions are not caused by a single individual,but are produced in the dynamic interaction between human and machine.When damage occurs,if there is no“who”can bear the consequences of the interaction,a liability dilemma arises in which no one is responsible.The traditional individualism approach,which adopts the separate,personal-intention based and static closed form of responsibility and ignores the mixed overall relationship in human-machine cooperation,cannot effectively solve this dilemma.Therefore,it is necessary to adopt an extended-coupling perspective according to which we can ascribe responsibility to the coupled and dynamic open human-machine extended agent that has the common intention,so as to response to the problem of responsibility attribution.