无关系、无意义、无权利——人与数据“无关系”的异化审视

Relationlessness,Meaninglessness,Rightlessness--Alienation Examination of“Relationlessness”between Humans and Data

大数据技术在现代社会生活中带来新的异化。借由法兰克福学派第四代代表拉埃尔·耶吉对人在社会生活中的“无关系的关系”异化,分析资本主义私有制对数据的私有化已经引发人在社会生活中无关系、无意义、无权利的新型异化状态。首先,数据监视对人的数据集合化处理剥离了本真的人与其数据之间的密切联系,造成人的数据化表达与其自身的“无关系”。其次,数据清洗破坏了人在社会交往中的完整性,经由数据中介形成的数据关系取代社会交往,导致其生活的“无意义”。最后,数据权力使人的发展可能性受到损害,引发人在其社会生活中的“无权利”。对此,从数据权属界定和数字公地建设两方面规范数据私有化乱象,在数字时代推动人的解放。

Big data technology brings new alienation in modern social life.Drawing on the analysis by Rahel Jaeggi,a representative of the fourth generation of the Frankfurt School,on the alienation of“relationlessness”in social life,this paper examines how the privatization of data under capitalist private ownership has led to a new form of alienation characterized by relationlessness,meaninglessness,and rightlessness in social life.Firstly,data surveillance has stripped away the intimate connection between the authentic individuals and their data through the aggregate processing of human data,resulting in the“relationlessness”between the datafied expression of humans and their own self.Secondly,data cleansing undermines the integrity of individuals in social interactions,and data relationships formed through data intermediaries replace social interactions,leading to a“meaninglessness”in their life.Finally,data rights undermine the possibility of human development and trigger the“rightlessness”in the people's social life.Therefore,regulating the privatization chaos of data by defining data ownership and building digital commons will help to human emancipation in the digital age.