动物肠道杯状细胞的结构及功能研究进展

Research progress on structure and function of goblet cells in animal digestive tract

杯状细胞(goblet cells,GCs)是一种黏液分泌细胞,主要分布在动物的肠道、鼻腔等黏膜表面,位于黏膜柱状上皮细胞之间。在肠道中,这些细胞产生并释放黏蛋白,与水、无机盐、抗菌肽等物质形成一层黏稠的凝胶型网状结构,分布在整个肠道黏膜表面,形成黏液屏障,以保护肠道黏膜免受酸、碱、消化酶和其他有害物质等的损害。文章综述了动物肠道GCs的形态特征、细胞类型、分化调控机制、分泌功能及调节机制,以及影响肠道GCs数量及功能的因素,探讨了GCs功能与动物肠道疾病的关系,以期为后续研究动物肠道健康的调控、疾病的预防和治疗提供科学依据。

Goblet cells(GCs) are mucous secreting cells, which are mainly distributed in the mucosal surface such as the intestinal tract and nasal cavity of animals, and are located between the mucosal columnar epithelial cells. In the intestine, these cells produce and release mucin,which forms a thick, gel-like network structure with water, inorganic salts, antimicrobial peptides and other substances, and is distributed throughout the surface of the intestinal mucosa to form a mucus barrier to protect the intestinal mucosa from the damage of acids, alkalis,digestive enzymes and other harmful substances. This article reviewed the morphological characteristics, cell types, differentiation regulation mechanism, secretion function and regulation mechanism of intestinal GCs in animals, as well as the factors affecting the quantity and function of intestinal GCs, and discussed the relationship between the function of GCs and animal intestinal diseases, in order to provide scientific basis for the subsequent regulation of animal intestinal health, disease prevention and treatment.