基因工程法在微生物系统表达抗菌肽的研究进展

Research progress in the expression of antimicrobial peptides in microbial systems by genetic engineering

近年来,抗菌肽(antimicrobial peptides,AMPs)作为抗生素替代品之一受到广泛关注。AMPs具有诸多优势,如抗菌谱广、来源丰富且不易产生耐药性等。其生产工艺主要包括生物体内提取纯化、化学合成以及基因工程表达3种途径。然而,天然分离法与化学合成法存在工序繁杂,成本昂贵及产量较低等缺点,不易于在AMPs实际生产中实施。相较之下,基因工程表达更具经济性、科学性及有效性。本文对AMPs的多种表达系统及其差异进行了综述,并总结了提高AMPs异源表达产量的多种策略,以期为AMPs的低成本规模化生产提供理论支撑。

In recent years,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are considered alternatives to antibiotics and have received increasing attention.AMPs have a broad antibacterial spectrum and extensive sources and are not prone to drug resistance.At present,AMPs are mainly produced with three methods:extraction from natural sources,chemical synthesis,and microbial expression via genetic engineering.The application of the former two methods is limited due to their complicated processes,high costs,and low yields.Microbial expression via genetic engineering is more economical,scientific,and effective than the above two methods.This article introduces and compares the various expression systems and summarizes the strategies for increasing the heterologous expression levels,with a view to providing theoretical support for large-scale production of AMPs with low costs.