契丹早期火葬墓研究

Study on Early Khitan Cremation Tombs

火葬是契丹人的主要丧葬习俗之一,是其丧葬观念的体现。契丹早期火葬墓可分为土坑墓、砖室墓两类,土坑墓依据葬具可分为两型,分别为A型桦树皮火葬墓、B型骨灰罐火葬墓,其中B型火葬墓分为Ba型鼓形罐火葬墓、Bb型双耳罐组合火葬墓及Bc型多类型骨灰罐组合火葬墓三个亚型。契丹早期火葬墓应源于以扎赉诺尔墓群、卓资县石家沟墓群为代表的鲜卑文化,是东胡葬俗的延续。其后,葬具由桦树皮向火葬罐转变,应是受佛教的影响。

The cremation is one of the main funeral customs of the Khitan people,which is the expression of their funeral concept.Early Khitan cremation tombs can be divided into two types:earthen pit tombs and brick chamber tombs.Earthen pit tombs can be divided into two types based on burial tools,namely A-type birch bark cremation and B-type bone ash jar cremation.Among them,B-type cremation are divided into three sub-types:Ba-type drum shaped jar cremation,Bb-type double ear jar combination cremation,and Bc-type multi type bone ash jar combination cremation.The early Khitan cremation tombs should be derived from the Xianbei Culture represented by the Zhalainuoer tomb group and the Shijiagou tomb group in Zhuozi County,and are a continuation of the Donghu burial customs.Afterwards,the burial objects were influenced by Buddhism and transformed from birch bark to cremation jars.