2020年我国运输航空公司突发公共卫生事件应急管理能力调查

An investigation of the emergency management capabilities of transport airlines for public health emergencies in

目的了解我国运输航空公司突发公共卫生事件应急管理能力现况。方法采用方便抽样的横断面研究,收集73家运输航空公司2020年突发公共卫生事件应对的组织资源、应急预案、培训和演练等应急能力现况,使用n(%)进行统计学描述,使用卡方检验和Fisher确切概率法比较不同地区、空勤人员规模航空公司间应急管理能力差异。结果组织资源方面,航空公司应急防控部门设置率、专职人员配置率、信息系统设置率分别为100.0%(73/73)、52.1%(38/73)、26.0%(19/73);应急预案制定率为91.8%(67/73),其中85.1%(57/67)的航空公司在2020年更新了预案;34.3%(25/73)的航空公司每年培训次数≤1次,培训评价反馈(45.2%,33/73)和人员定期考核(52.1%,38/73)等评估与改进手段较少使用;每年组织开展应急演练的航空公司占71.2%(52/73),12.3%(9/73)的航空公司参加地方应急演练,61.6%(45/73)设置了演练评价反馈制度与手段。应急演练评价反馈率存在地区差异(χ^(2)=6.43,P=0.040),东部地区航空公司应急演练评价反馈率高于中部及东北地区(χ^(2)=5.83,P=0.016)。空勤人员数量多、航班量大的航空公司应急专职人员配备率较高(P<0.05)。结论航空公司应急部门设置、应急预案制定率高,均具备一定的突发公共卫生事件应急管理能力,但在应急预案更新、专业人才配备和培养、常态化应急培训演练等方面仍需进一步加强和完善。

Objective To assess the current status of emergency management capabilities of transport airlines for public health emergencies in China.Methods A cross-sectional study using convenient sampling was conducted to analyze the emergency management capabilities of 73 transport airlines in 2020,including organizational resources,emergency response plans,training,and drills.The data were analyzed descriptively using rates and proportions.Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability method were used to compare differences in emergency management capabilities between airlines in various regions and those with varying scales of flight crews.Results In terms of organizational resources,100.0%(73/73)airlines had established emergency prevention and control departments,52.1%(38/73)had dedicated personnel,and 26.0%(19/73)had information systems.Emergency response plans were developed in 91.8%(67/73)of airlines,and 85.1%(57/67)of airlines had updated their plans in 2020.Moreover,34.3%(25/73)of airlines conducted≤1 training annually,with limited use of evaluation and improvement method such as training evaluation and feedback(45.2%,33/73)and regular personnel assessment(52.1%,38/73).Of these airlines,71.2%(52/73)conducted annual emergency drills,12.3%(9/73)engaged in local emergency drills,and 61.6%(45/73)had drill evaluation feedback mechanisms and methods.Regional variations existed in emergency drill evaluation and feedback rates(χ^(2)=6.43,P=0.040),with airlines in the eastern region demonstrating higher emergency drill evaluation and feedback rates than those in the middle and western regions(χ^(2)=5.83,P=0.016).Airlines with a higher number of flight attendants and higher flight volumes showed a significantly higher allocation rate of dedicated personnel(P<0.05).Conclusion Airlines had a certain management ability to deal with public health emergencies,as indicated by the high establishment rate of emergency departments and high formulation rate of emergency response plans.However,they still need to further strengthen and improve aspects such as updating emergency response plans,providing and cultiva-ting professional talents,and conducting regular emergency training and drills.