2023年湖南省各级疾控中心水质检测能力调查分析

Investigation of water quality detection ability of centers for disease control and prevention in Hunan Province,China,2023

目的了解湖南省各级疾控中心水质检测能力现状,为实验室能力建设提供参考。方法2023年以调查表的方式,对湖南省各级疾控中心的水质检测能力开展调查分析。共计回收调查表131份,其中省级1份,地市级14份(含省会城市1份),县级(含县级市)86份,区级30份。结果2023年省疾控中心具备《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)中95项水质指标检测能力,地市级、县级、区级水质全项指标(97项)检测能力M(P25,P75)依次为91(86,94)、44(39,51)、39(35,44),常规指标(43项)检测能力M(P_(25),P_(75))依次为41(41,43)、38(34,40)、33(31,38),不同级别全项指标、常规指标检测能力差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为46.84、37.14,P<0.001);两两比较分析结果显示,地市级、县级、区级全项指标和常规指标检测能力逐渐递减,差异有统计学意义(校正后的P<0.05)。省疾控中心暂未具备总α放射性和总β放射性指标检测能力,目前该两项指标由省职业病防治院开展检测;地市级疾控中心贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫、2-甲基异莰醇、土臭素检测能力最低(不具备检测能力机构有11个),其次为总α放射性、总β放射性(不具备检测能力机构有8个);县区级疾控中心总α放射性和总β放射性指标的检测能力最低(不具备检测能力机构占87.07%),其次为三氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、臭氧、三卤甲烷、二氯一溴甲烷、三溴甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷、溴酸盐、总氯(不具备检测能力机构占比超过40%)。结论2023年湖南省各级疾控中心水质检测能力较2012年均有明显提升,但与国家能力建设要求还有较大差距。县区级疾控中心对常规指标中新增的消毒副产物指标的检测能力应重点加强。

Objective To investigate the status of water quality detection ability of centers for disease control and prevention(CDCs)at all levels in Hunan Province,China,2023,and to provide a reference for laboratory ability construction.Methods Questionnaires were used to investigate the water quality detection ability of CDCs at all levels in Hunan Province in 2023.A total of 131 questionnaires were collected,including 1 at the province level,14 at the city level(including 1 in the provincial capital city),86 at the county level(including county-level cities),and 30 at the district level.Results In 2023,the provincial CDC had the ability of testing 95 indicators defined in the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2022).The M(P25,P75)values of detection capabilities for 97 indicators of CDCs at city,county,and district levels were 91(86,94),44(39,51),and 39(35,44),respectively.The M(P_(25),P_(75))values of detection capabilities for 43 conventional indicators were 41(41,43),38(34,40),and 33(31,38),respectively.There were significant differences in the detection capabilities of CDCs at different levels for both all and conventional indicators(χ^(2)=46.84 and 37.14,P<0.001).The pairwise comparative analysis revealed a gradual and significant decline in the detection capabilities of CDCs at the city,county,and district levels for both all and conventional indicators(adjusted P<0.05).The provincial CDC was unable to detect total alpha and total beta radioactivity,which were detected by Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases.For the CDCs at the city level,the detection abilities were the lowest for giardia,cryptosporidium,2-methylisoborneol,and geosmin,and 11 CDCs at the city level were unable to detect these indicators.This was followed by total alpha and total beta radioactivity,and 8 CDCs at the city level were unable to detect these indicators.For CDCs at the county/district levels,the detection abilities were the lowest for total alpha and total beta radioactivity,and 87.07% of CDCs at the county/district levels were unable to detect these indicators.This was followed by trichloroacetic acid,dichloroacetic acid,ozone,trihalometh-ane,bromodichloromethane,tribromomethane,chlorodibromomethane,bromate,and total chlorine,and more than 40% of CDCs at the county/district levels were unable to detect these indicators.Conclusion The water quality detection ability of CDCs in Hunan Province has been significantly improved in 2023 as compared to 2012.However,there is still a large gap between the current detec-tion ability and the national requirements for ability construction.The ability of detecting disinfection by-products newly added to the conventional indicators should be strengthened in CDCs at the county/district levels in the future.