2022年克拉玛依市公共场所健康危害因素监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results for health risk factors in public places of Karamay,China,2022

目的了解克拉玛依市公共场所卫生状况及存在的健康风险,为加强本地公共场所卫生管理提供依据和技术支持。方法依据《2022年国家公共场所健康危害因素监测工作方案》,对2022年克拉玛依市7类50家公共场所进行卫生管理情况调查,并采集其环境物理因素、室内空气、公共用品用具和设施健康危害因素相关样品,采用《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》(GB 37488-2019)和《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T 18883-2002)对各指标进行评价。结果2022年50家公共场所中尚有16家(32.00%)未开展卫生监督量化分级。共采集各类样本4160项,其中3611项达标,总体达标率为86.80%。其中健身房达标率最高为89.35%,其次是宾馆酒店和美发/美容店,分别为88.98%和87.90%,游泳馆达标率最低(68.18%),7类场所达标率差异存在统计学意义(χ^(2)=51.11,P<0.001)。物理性因素中风速均达标,其次为噪声和温度,达标率分别为78.24%和44.27%,湿度达标率最低为11.07%。健身房、候车室的室内空气质量各指标均达标,各类场所空气中CO和PM10均达标。宾馆酒店室内空气中苯、甲苯和二甲苯的达标率分别为93.90%、92.68%和90.24%,菌落总数达标率为81.71%。各类场所公共用品用具和设施的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠菌群均达标,毛巾的pH达标率为99.41%,菌落总数达标率为86.76%。结论克拉玛依市公共场所卫生状况仍有待加强,今后应重点加强游泳馆的湿度和温度、宾馆酒店空气的菌落总数和苯系物、公共用品用具菌落总数的监督监测。

Objective To investigate the sanitary condition and existing health risks of public places in Karamay,China,and to provide a basis and technical support for strengthening the sanitary management of local public places.Methods According to National Plan for Monitoring Health Hazard Factors in Public Places in 2022,an investigation was conducted to observe the health management of 50 public places belonging to 7 categories in Karamay in 2022,and related samples were collected to analyze health hazard factors in environmental physical factors,indoor air,public articles,and facilities.Each indicator was evaluated according to the Hygienic Indicators and Limits for Public Places(GB 37488-2019)and the Indoor Air Quality Standard(GB/T 18883-2002).Results Among the 50 public places,16(32.00%)had not carried out quantitative health surveillance classification by 2020.A total of 4160 samples were collected from various public health places,among which 3611 reached the standard,with a rate of reaching the standard of 86.80%.Gyms had the highest rate of reaching the standard of 89.35%,followed by hotels and barber shops/beauty salons,with a rate of reaching the standard of 88.98% and 87.90%,respectively,while swimming pools had the lowest rate of reaching the standard of 68.18%,and there was a significant difference in the rate of reaching the standard between the 7 types of places(χ^(2)=51.11,P<0.001).Among the physical factors,wind speed reached the standard in all places,followed by noise and temperature,with a rate of reaching the standard of 78.24% and 44.27%,respectively,and humidity had the lowest rate of reaching the standard of 11.07%.The indoor air quality of gyms and waiting rooms reached the standard,and CO and PM10 in the air of various types of places reached the standard.Benzene,toluene,and xylene in indoor air of hotels had a rate of reaching the standard of 93.90%,92.68%,and 90.24%,respectively,and the total number of bacterial colonies in hotel indoor air had a rate of reaching the standard of 81.71%.Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in public articles and facilities in various types of places reached the standard.The pH value of towels had a rate of reaching the standard of 99.41%,and the total number of bacterial colonies had a rate of reaching the standard of 86.76%.Conclusion The sanitary condition of public places in Karamay still needs to be improved,with a focus on the supervision and monitoring of the humidity and temperature of swimming pools,the total number of bacterial colonies and benzene series in the air of hotels,and the total number of bacterial colonies in public articles.