我国城镇污水处理厂紫外消毒工艺运行情况调研及优化建议

Investigation and Optimization of UV Disinfection Process in Urban WWTPs at Home

城市污水处理是环境保护工程的重要组成部分,其中紫外消毒工艺因高效、环保等优点被广泛应用于污水处理厂。然而,紫外消毒工艺在实际运行中仍面临诸多挑战,如消毒剂量的合理性、设备选型与维护保养等,这些问题的存在不仅影响了污水处理厂的运行效率,也制约了紫外消毒技术的进一步推广。因此,对污水厂紫外消毒工艺进行系统调研,对于提升污水处理厂的运行管理水平和优化紫外消毒工艺设计具有重要意义。为充分了解污水处理厂实际运行中紫外消毒工艺存在的问题及影响因素,研究选取了全国范围内79座采用紫外消毒工艺的污水处理厂作为调研对象。这些污水处理厂分布广泛,涵盖了不同的地理环境和处理规模,范围覆盖西南、华中、华东、华南4大区域,包括四川、重庆、贵州、湖北、湖南、河南、山东、广东8个省市,处理规模由几百立方米每天到20万m^(3)/d,确保了研究的代表性和广泛性。调研内容包括紫外消毒工艺的运行参数、设备配置、维护保养情况以及出水水质等,旨在全面了解紫外消毒工艺的实际运行状况和存在的问题。调研结果显示,紫外消毒工艺基本能够满足城镇污水处理厂出水中粪大肠菌群数量控制要求,但仍存在紫外消毒剂量不合理、设备选型不合适、维护保养不到位等情况。此外,水量波动、出水悬浮固体(SS)和色度等水质因素也被证实对紫外消毒效果有显著影响。基于调研结果,研究提出了一系列针对性的建议:污水处理厂应根据实际水质和水量波动情况,合理调整紫外消毒剂量,以确保消毒效果;定期维护保养以延长设备使用寿命并保持消毒效果。这些建议不仅有助于提高现有污水处理厂的运行效率,也为新建污水处理厂的紫外消毒工艺设计提供了参考。

The urban wastewater treatment is a crucial aspect of environmental protection engineering,and the ultraviolet(UV)disinfection process is widely employed in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)due to its high efficiency and environmentally friendly.Nevertheless,the UV disinfection process still encounters numerous challenges during practical operation,including issues related to the rationality of disinfection dosage,equipment selection,and maintenance.The presence of these problems not only impacts the operational efficiency of WWTP but also hinders the widespread adoption of UV disinfection technology.Therefore,it holds great significance to systematically investigate the UV disinfection process to enhance their operational and managerial capabilities while optimizing the design of the UV disinfection process.In order to fully understand the problems and influencing factors of UV disinfection process in WWTPs,79 WWTPs using UV disinfection process were selected as research objects in this study.These WWTPs are widely distributed across various geographical environments and treatment scales,covering four regions of southwest,Central,East and South China,including eight provinces and cities in Sichuan,Chongqing,Guizhou,Hubei,Hunan,Henan,Shandong and Guangdong.The treatment scale ranges from several hundredm^(3)/day to 200000m^(3)/day,ensuring the representability and universality of the study.The investigation contents include the operating parameters,equipment configuration,maintenance and effluent quality of the UV disinfection process,aiming to fully understand the actual operating conditions and existing problems of the UV disinfection process.According to the survey results,the UV disinfection process can basically meet the requirements of fecal coliform numbers control in the effluent water of urban WWTP,but there are still unreasonable UV disinfection dose,unsuitable equipment selection,inadequate maintenance,etc.In addition,water quality factors such as water quantity fluctuation,suspended solids(SS)and chroma have also been proved to have a significant impact on the UV disinfection effect.Based on the investigation results,this study put forward a series of specific recommendations:the UV disinfection dose should be reasonably adjusted according to the actual water quality and water quantity fluctuation in WWTPs to ensure disinfection effect,and regular maintenance is needed to extend the service life of equipment and maintain disinfection effect.These suggestions not only help to improve the operation efficiency of existing WWTPs,but also provide a reference for the UV disinfection process design of new WWTPs.