国际碳市场发展及对油气行业的影响分析

The development of international carbon market and the influences on the oil and gas industry

国际碳市场自1997年起步以来发展迅速,截至2023年末,全球已建成36个不同级别的碳市场,覆盖99亿吨二氧化碳当量,占全球温室气体排放量的18%以上。碳市场在全球温室气体控排中发挥的作用越来越重要,已成为世界各国应对气候变化的主要政策工具之一。随着碳市场逐渐向主要油气资源国拓展、覆盖范围不断扩大,油气行业面临更大的减排和成本上升压力,全球油气投资和贸易格局也将重塑。未来油气行业应继续深度参与全球气候治理,积极采取行动应对气候变化,塑造行业绿色低碳新形象,保持行业竞争力,同时,加强低碳技术合作,推动行业减排标准和方法学制定与完善。油气企业需要加速低碳转型,努力实现产业链和产品深度脱碳,并密切关注全球碳定价政策变化,将碳成本纳入项目投资决策,加强碳资产和碳价格风险管理。

The international carbon market has developed rapidly since its inception in 1997,and by the end of 2023,36 carbon markets of different levels have been established worldwide,covering 9.9 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent,accounting for more than 18%of global greenhouse gas emissions.Carbon markets are playing an increasingly important role in controlling global greenhouse gas emissions and have become one of the world's main policy tools for addressing climate change.As the carbon market gradually expands to major oil and gas resource countries and its coverage continues to expand,the oil and gas industry will face greater pressure to reduce emissions and increase costs,and the global oil and gas investment and trade landscape will also be reshaped.In the future,the oil and gas industry should continue to participate deeply in global climate governance,actively take actions to address climate change,shape a new image of the industry as a green and lowcarbon industry,and maintain the competitiveness of the industry,while at the same time strengthening cooperation in low-carbon technology,and promoting the development and improvement of industry emission reduction standards and methodologies.Oil and gas companies need to accelerate the low-carbon transformation,strive to achieve deep decarbonization of the industrial chain and products,and pay close attention to changes in global carbon pricing policies,integrate carbon costs into project investment decisions,and strengthen risk management of carbon assets and carbon prices.