绿色空间景观格局对热环境的影响研究——以北京市平原地区为例

Research on the Influence of Green Space Landscape Pattern on Thermal Environment:A Case of the Plain Area of Beijing

在城市高密度建设、热环境恶化的背景下,绿色空间格局对调控热环境、保障健康人居环境起重要作用。研究基于北京市平原地区的Landsat遥感数据,运用监督分类、景观生态学理论及统计分析方法,揭示了绿色空间格局与平原地区热环境的耦合关系。结果显示:(1)MSPA分析显示总体降温效果,支线>桥接>边缘>核心>孔隙>环道>孤岛;(2)核心、环道、边缘型绿色空间随着绿量的减少和破碎化,其降温效果逐年下降;(3)孤岛型绿色空间的降温效果逐年增加,桥接和支线型绿色空间的降温效果则更为稳定;(4)北京市平原地区的线状绿色空间在近二十年发挥的作用大于面状、点状。研究可为北京市应对气候变化、优化平原地区的绿色空间格局提供理论参考。

Against the backdrop of high-density urban construction and deteriorating thermal environments,the pattern of green spaces plays a crucial role in regulating the thermal environment and ensuring a healthy living environment.This paper,based on Landsat remote sensing data from the plain area of Beijing,utilizes supervised classification,landscape ecology theory,and statistical analysis methods to reveal the coupling relationship between green space patterns and the thermal environment in plain areas.The results show:①MSPA analysis indicates an overall cooling effect in the order of branch>bridge>edge>core>gap>loop>island.②Core,loop,and edge types of green spaces show a declining cooling effect year by year as greenness decreases and fragmentation increases.③The cooling effect of island-type green spaces is increasing annually,while the cooling effects of bridge and branch types are more stable.④Over the past two decades,the effectiveness of linear green spaces in Beijing’s plain area has been greater than that of areal and point-based green spaces.The research provides a theoretical reference for responding to climate changes and optimizing the green space pattern in the plain area of Beijing.