福州市长乐区儿童过敏性疾病患儿血清特异性IgE检测结果分析

Analysis of Serum Specific IgE Test Results in Children with Allergic Diseases in Changle District of Fuzhou City

目的:分析福州市长乐区儿童过敏性疾病患儿血清特异性免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)检测结果,为临床治疗和预防儿童过敏性疾病提供准确的依据。方法:回顾性纳入2020年7月1日—2023年3月20日就诊于福州市长乐区妇幼保健院并检测了特异性IgE(specific IgE,sIgE)的4802例患者,统计4802例患者过敏原检测结果,比较不同人群、季节、临床症状、年龄段人群常见过敏原的阳性情况。结果:福州市长乐区sIgE检测共计13214项,阳性检出5427项,整体阳性检出率为41.1%,其中混合吸入物过敏原检测5304项,占整体检测量40.1%,阳性检出率42.2%(2240/5304);混合食物过敏原检测7910项,占整体检测量59.9%,阳性检出率40.3%(3187/7910)。本地区过敏性疾病患儿阳性率最高的检测项目分别为hx2(72.4%)、fx5(51.2%)、f2(68.1%)、f1(56.9%)。男性患儿较女性患儿易感,且男性患儿对吸入物过敏原阳性较食物过敏原阳性更多。室外过敏原阳性率高峰期出现在4月、6月、7月、8月、9月和10月。阳性率最高的症状为眼部症状、呼吸道症状组。吸入过敏原阳性率高于食物过敏原的症状为呼吸道症状、眼部症状,食物过敏原阳性率高于吸入过敏原的症状为皮肤症状、消化道症状。结论:福州市长乐区儿童食入性过敏以牛奶、鸡蛋白为主,吸入性过敏原以尘螨组合常见。不同症状、不同月份过敏原结构存在差异,因此了解本地过敏原致敏概况,制定适用于当地的过敏原检测组合,有效规避过敏原,明确过敏原可预防和治疗过敏性疾病。

Objective:To analyze the detection results of serum specific immunoglobulin E(IgE)in children with allergic diseases in Changle District of Fuzhou City,and to providing an accurate basis for clinical treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in children.Method:A total of 4802 patients who visited Fuzhou Changle Women and Children's Hospital from July 1,2020 to March 20,2023 and tested for specific IgE(sIgE)were retrospectively included,the allergen test results of 4802 patients were counted,and the positive rates of common allergens in different populations,seasons,clinical symptoms and age groups were compared.Result:A total of 13214 sIgE tests were conducted in Changle District of Fuzhou City,and 5427 were positive,with an overall positive detection rate of 41.1%.Among them,5304 were mixed inhalant allergens,accounting for 40.1%of total,and the positive detection rate was 42.2%(2240/5304).A total of 7910 mixed food allergens were detected,accounting for 59.9%of the total detection,and the positive detection rate was 40.3%(3187/7910).The detection items with the highest positive rate in children with allergic diseases in this region were hx2(72.4%),fx5(51.2%),f2(68.1%)and f1(56.9%).Male children were more susceptible than female children,and male children were more likely to be positive for inhalant allergens than food allergens.The peak of positive rate of outdoor allergens appeared in April,June,July,August,September and October.The symptoms with the highest positive rate were eye symptoms and respiratory symptoms.The symptoms with higher positive rate of inhaled allergens than food allergens were respiratory symptoms and eye symptoms.The symptoms with higher positive rate of food allergens than inhaled allergens were skin symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms.Conclusion:The ingestive allergens of children in Changle District of Fuzhou City are mainly milk and egg protein,and the inhalation allergens are common in dust mite combinations.There are differences in the structure of allergens in different symptoms and different months.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the general situation of local allergen sensitization,formulate a combination of allergen detection suitable for local areas,effectively avoid allergens,and clarify that allergens can prevent and treat allergic diseases.