教育强国建设背景下的高等教育国际化:关键维度、国际方位与发展路径

Internationalization of Higher Education in the Context of Building China into a Education-based Powerful Country:Key Dimensions,International Orientation and Development Path

国际化作为推动高等教育资源在各国间及国家内部配置的重要举措,是打造支撑国家发展的高质量高等教育体系和提升高等教育对外传播能力及国际影响力的根本路径,也是高等教育强国建设的题中之义。基于简·奈特对于教育国际化的概念界定,研究从制度国际化、办学国际化、人员国际化、科研国际化和课程国际化5个维度对各国高等教育国际化发展水平进行比较,发现中国高等教育国际化正由内向型发展模式向外向型发展模式转型,在全球位于中上游水平。与此同时,我国在来华留学生规模、外籍师资规模、在外开设海外分校力度、英文授课项目的规模与结构等方面依旧存在短板。立足教育强国建设,未来我国应加强政府引导,优化高等教育国际化制度建设与格局规划;持续提升高等教育吸引力,服务人才中心与创新高地建设;推动在地国际化发展,加强本土高校国际化人才培养能力;坚持“走出去”与“引进来”相结合,进一步扩大中国高等教育的全球影响力。

As an important measure to promote the efficient allocation of higher education resources among different countries or within a given country,internationalization is crucial to building a high-quality higher education system that supports its national development and enhances its international communication and influence,and is also the essence for building an education-based powerful country.Based on Jane Knight’s definition of internationalization of education,this article aims to compare the levels of internationalization of higher education in different countries in five dimensions,that is,the institutional system,school management,staff,research and curriculums.It concludes that the process of internationalization of higher education in China is in transition from a development model of the domestically oriented to that of the globally oriented,and now at a medium-high level on the global scene.At the same time,China still faces challenges in terms of the scale and structure of international students and teachers,overseas branch schools,and programs taught in English.In the future,China should strengthen the government’s leadership,optimize the institutional construction and strategic planning for the internationalization of higher education,continue to enhance the attractiveness of higher education to serve the construction of the talent pool and innovation platforms,promote the development of internationalization with a vision of the local context,enhance the ability of the Chinese universities for training international talents,and combine the strategies of“going abroad for learning advanced technology and new ideas”and“introducing new concepts from abroad”in order to enhance the global influence of China’s higher education for building China into an education-based powerful country.