技术革命、生产方式变革与企业组织结构调整

Technological Revolution,Production Mode Transformation and Corporate Organizational Structure Adjustment

实现企业组织结构数字化变革是做强做优做大我国数字经济、打通束缚新质生产力发展堵点卡点的关键所在。本文在唯物史观视域下,结合经济史证据,基于马克思机器大工业理论和劳动分工理论,阐明了“技术革命—生产方式变革—组织结构调整”的内在机理,指出工具机革命不断延长了生产方式的迂回性,而组织结构变革的实质是组织内部分工对迂回生产方式的适应性调整。基于技术演进和价值创造的双维度视角,追溯了组织结构演进的底层逻辑,揭示了复杂性技术导致组织结构在纵向设计上从高度集权走向分权,并在横向设计上呈现跨界连接的特征;价值增殖过程中数字化生产资料和活劳动日趋融合,催化了组织结构纵向扁平和横向贯通的趋势。在此基础上识别出数字经济时代组织变革制约要素背后的悖论关系,提出须利用复杂系统思维化解悖论困境,构建适应数字经济时代的组织结构调整框架。本文总结提炼了与数字经济内在规律和发展趋势相适应的企业组织结构创新理论,对于创建中国自主管理知识体系具有重要的理论价值,为政府制定支持企业组织变革的相关政策提供了参考,对于指导企业进行与数字经济相适应的组织结构调整具有重要现实意义。

Achieving digital transformation of enterprise organizational structure is crucial for strengthening,optimizing and expanding China's digital economy and for eliminating obstacles and bottlenecks that hinder the development of new quality productive forces.Drawing on historical materialism and evidence from economic history,this paper elucidates an inherent mechanism,namely"technological revolution-production mode transformation-organizational structure adjustment,"using Marx's theories of machine industry and labor division.The revolution in tool machines is shown to have continuously extended the roundabout methods of production,while the essence of organizational structure change is identified as the adaptive adjustment of internal labor division within the organization to the roundabout production methods.Based on the dual perspectives of technological evolution and value creation,this paper traces the logic underlying the evolution of organizational structure.Revealing the role of complex technologies in driving a shift from highly centralized to decentralized structure in vertical design.In horizontal design,there is a feature of cross-boundary connections.During valorization,digital means of production and living labor are increasingly integrated,which catalyzes the trends of vertical flattening and horizontal integration in organizational structure.On this basis,this paper identifies the paradoxical relationships underlying the factors constraining organizational change in the digital economy era,leading to a proposal that complex system thinking should be used to resolve paradoxical dilemmas.An organizational structure adjustment framework adapted to the digital economy era is constructed.This paper thus summarizes and refines the theory of enterprise organizational structure innovation,which is compatible with the inherent laws and development trends of the digital economy and holds significant theoretical value in terms of establishing China's autonomous management knowledge system.It provides a reference for government to formulate relevant policies in supporting corporate organizational transformation and holds significant practical importance in guiding enterprises to adjust their organizational structures to align with the digital economy.