小农户与现代农业衔接的机制和关键因素研究——基于合作社和供应链金融的视角

Research on the Mechanism and Key Factors of Connecting Smallholder Farmers with Modern Agriculture: Based on Perspectives of Cooperatives and Supply Chain Finance

加快构建新型农业经营体系,推动小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接,是全面实施乡村振兴战略、加快农业农村现代化的必然要求。本文整合了全国工商登记注册信息、农村固定观察点调查、新型农业主体专项抽样调查等多个来源的微观数据,通过回归分析发现农户的农业生产率和现代要素投入随着农村金融发展出现显著提升,但正规信贷并未发生普遍扩张,而是呈现出与合作社发展水平的正向关联。在理论探讨与案例分析的基础上,本文认为上述发现的潜在机制是:农村供应链金融模式基于小农户与合作社的生产关联和利益联结,实现了金融发展红利沿产业链间接传导和外溢。对此,本文通过回归分析给出了农村金融供给促进合作社自身发展并进一步带动小农户农业生产经营现代化的支持性证据。本文的研究结论呼吁,在金融支持小农户与现代农业有机衔接的过程中,一方面要继续着力推动农村金融改革发展,不断提高农村金融供给水平;另一方面也要更加重视“新型农业主体+小农户”的现代农业经营体系及以此为基础的供应链金融模式的潜在作用。

Accelerating the establishment of a new agricultural operation system and promoting the organic connection of smallholder farmers with modern agricultural development is an inevitable requirement for fully implementing the rural revitalization strategy and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization. We integrate micro data from various sources, including national business registration records, the National Fixed Points dataset, and the Special Survey of New Agricultural Entities. Through regression analysis, it is found that farmers' agricultural productivity and modern factor input have significantly improved with the development of rural finance. However, formal credit has not universally improved;instead, it shows a positive correlation with the number of cooperatives nearby. Drawing from theoretical discussions and case studies, we suggest that one possible mechanism behind these findings is that rural supply chain finance, rooted in the connection between smallholder farmers and cooperatives, achieves the indirect spillover of financial development along the industrial chain. In this regard,we further provide supportive empirical evidence that rural financial supply promotes the development of cooperatives and in turn facilitates the agricultural modernization of smallholder farmers. These findings call for sustained efforts in rural financial reform and development to further enhance the rural financial supply. Additionally, there should be more attention paid to the supply chain finance model based on the modern agricultural operation system of "new agricultural entities+smallholder farmers", which potentially plays a crucial role in financially supporting the organic connection between smallholder farmers and modern agriculture.