中国甘蔗单产提升的路径和主要技术措施

Pathways and Key Technical Measures for Improving Sugarcane Yield in China

我国甘蔗生产面临立地条件差,自然灾害多发,品种更新速度慢和栽培技术落后等现状,制约了农业单产的提高。目前我国甘蔗主产区主要集中在广西、云南和广东等地,各主产区生产潜力不同。本研究综合三大主产蔗区自然生态条件和甘蔗生产现状,从甘蔗新品种选育和推广应用、甘蔗全程机械化应用技术、轻简绿色高效生产技术应用和重大甘蔗病虫系统防治四个方面提出我国甘蔗单产提升的路径。同时研究提出了甘蔗新品种及脱毒健康种苗、甘蔗温水脱毒健康种苗生产繁育、甘蔗节水抗旱轻简生产、甘蔗延长宿根年限丰产管理、甘蔗水肥一体化技术和甘蔗全程机械化生产6个相应配套的农艺栽培技术要点,为我国甘蔗农业单产提升提出见解和同行参考。

Sugarcane production in China faces challenges such as poor soil conditions,frequent natural disasters,slow variety renewal,and outdated cultivation techniques,restricting the improvement of sugarcane agricultural yield.Currently,major sugarcane-producing regions in China are concentrated in Guangxi,Yunnan,and Guangdong,with varying production potentials in each region.This study integrates the natural ecological conditions and current status of sugarcane production in the three major sugarcane-producing regions.It proposes pathways for improving sugarcane yield in China,focusing on four aspects:breeding and promoting new sugarcane varieties,applying fully mechanized sugarcane production techniques,utilizing simplified green and efficient production technologies,and implementing comprehensive control of major sugarcane diseases and pests.Simultaneously,the study puts forward six corresponding key agronomic cultivation techniques,including new sugarcane varieties and virus-free healthy seedlings,warm water detoxification and healthy seedling production,water-saving and drought-resistant simplified production,techniques for extending the perennial duration of sugarcane for abundant yield management,water and fertilizer integration,and full mechanization of sugarcane production.These insights and references are proposed for the improvement of sugarcane agricultural yield in China.