基于复杂适应系统理论“跑”与“run”带宾构式搭配特征的历时演变

The Diachronic Evolution of the Collocation Features of Constructions of Pao(跑)and“Run”with Objects Based on the Theory of Complex Adaptive System

“跑”与“run”带宾构式初始义都与腿脚移动行为相关,其宾语类型、构式义等整体上都呈现递增趋势,二者均有中性韵和消极韵表达形式,以中性韵为主。“跑”和“run”带宾构式义都基于基本义“快速奔跑”而衍生,但由于词源、社会习俗、文化环境等因素,“run”带宾构式的衍生义更加丰富。此外,“跑”与“run”带宾构式义演变的认知机制是隐喻,作为一个复杂语言系统,其语义的涌现源自构成系统的众多要素,是语言使用主体内部环境与外部客观环境交互作用的结果。

The initial meanings of Pao(跑)and“run”are both related to the behavior of moving legs and feet,and their object types and construction meanings show an increasing trend on the whole,and the two constructions contain neutral and negative emotions,with neutral rhymes being the most dominant.The construction meanings of both Pao(跑)and“run”are derived around the basic meaning of“running fast”,but due to etymology,social customs,cultural environment and other factors,the derived meaning of“run”is more extensive.In addition,the cognitive mechanism of the semantic evolution of the constructions of Pao(跑)and“run”with objects is metaphor.And as complex language systems,the meaning emergence of these two constructions is due to many elements,as well as the interaction between the internal environment of the language users and the external objective environment.