2016—2022年北京市通州区呼吸系统疾病死亡率及变化趋势

Mortality rate and change trend of respiratory diseases in Tongzhou District,Beijing from 2016 to 2022

目的分析北京市通州区近7年呼吸系统疾病死亡数据的变化特征,为政府和有关部门制定防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法使用中国疾病预防控制信息系统死因监测子系统中2016—2022年北京市通州区户籍人口呼吸系统疾病死亡个案资料,分析新型冠状病毒感染疫情暴发前后呼吸系统疾病死亡率变化趋势、性别和年龄分布特征、地区分布差异。死亡率的差异检验采用卡方检验,变化趋势采用趋势卡方检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。应用年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)反应呼吸系统疾病死亡率逐年变化情况。结果2016—2019年北京市通州区户籍居民呼吸系统疾病标化死亡率较为平稳,2016—2019年标化死亡率分别为的31.74/10万、30.58/10万、30.94/10万和32.93/10万。2020—2021年通州区户籍居民标化死亡率呈持续下降趋势,分别为24.48/10万、20.30/10万(χ^(2)_(趋势)=-190.05,P<0.01)。2022年标化死亡率出现了明显的上升,为36.80/10万(χ^(2)=63565.46,P<0.01)。男性居民历年呼吸系统疾病标化死亡率均高于女性。呼吸系统疾病死亡率均随着年龄增长呈上升趋势。2022年80岁及以上年龄组户籍居民死亡率显著高于2016—2021年,85岁及以上年龄组死亡率高达2000.87/10万。2016—2019年慢性下呼吸道疾病、肺炎、肺部感染标化死亡率较为平稳,2020—2021年均有明显下降,2022年出现反升(P均<0.01)。2022年肺部感染标化死亡率12.61/10万,为历年最高水平。2020—2021年86.67%的乡镇街道死亡率较2016—2019年降低,2022年73.33%(11/15)的乡镇街道死亡率超过2016—2019年的水平。结论新型冠状病毒感染疫情暴发前后北京市通州区呼吸系统疾病死亡率呈现先下降后升高的趋势,总体死亡率和标化死亡率存在性别、年龄和地区差异,需有针对性制定防控措施。

Objective To analyze the change characteristics of respiratory disease death data in Tongzhou District of Beijing in recent 7 years,and to provide scientific basis for the government and relevant departments to formulate prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods Through the data of respiratory disease death cases of registered population in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2016to 2022 in the Cause of Death Surveillance Subsystem of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,the change trend,gender and age distribution characteristics,and regional distribution differences of respiratory disease mortality before and after the outbreak of novel coronavirus infection(COVID-19)were analyzed.Chi-square test was used to test the difference of mortality,and trend Chi-square test was used to test the change trend.P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Annual percent change(APC)was used to reflect the change of mortality of respiratory diseases from year to year.Results From 2016 to 2019,the standardized mortality rates of respiratory diseases among registered residents in Tongzhou District of Beijing were relatively stable,and the standardized mortality rates were 31.74/10^(5),30.58/10^(5),30.94/10^(5) and 32.93/10^(5),respectively.From2020 to 2021,the standardized mortality rates of registered residents in Tongzhou District showed a continuous decreasing trend,and the rates were 24.48/10^(5) and 20.30/10^(5),respectively(χ^(2)_(trend)=-190.05,P<0.01).In 2022,the standardized mortality rate increased significantly to 36.80/10^(5)(χ^(2)=63565.46,P<0.01).The standardized mortality rate of respiratory diseases of male residents was higher than that of female residents.The mortality rate of respiratory diseases increased with age.The mortality rate of registered residents in the age group of 80 years old and above in 2022 was significantly higher than those in 2016 to 2021,and the mortality rate of the age group of 85 years old and above was as high as 2000.87/10^(5).The standardized mortality rates of chronic lower respiratory diseases,pneumonia and pulmonary infections were stable from 2016 to 2019,decreased significantly from2020 to 2021,and reverted in 2022(all P<0.01).The standard mortality rate for pulmonary infections in 2022 was 12.61/10^(5),the highest level ever recorded.In 2020-2021,86.67%of townships/streets had a lower mortality rate than that in 2016-2019,and 73.33%(11/15)of townships/streets in 2022 had a higher mortality rate than that in 2016-2019.Conclusions Before and after the outbreak of COVID-19,the mortality rate of respiratory diseases in Tongzhou District of Beijing showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.There were gender,age and regional differences in the overall mortality rate and standardized mortality rate,and targeted prevention and control measures should be formulated.