2014—2023年内江市梅毒病例流行特征及趋势分析

Epidemiological characteristics and trends analysis of syphilis cases in Neijiang City from 2014 to 2023

目的分析2014—2023年内江市梅毒流行特征及变化趋势,查找防控重点,制定切实有效的防治工作措施。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统导出2014—2023内江市报告的梅毒病例,利用SPSS 23.0软件进行分析,计数资料采用相对数和占比(%)描述,组间比较采用χ^(2)检验,变化趋势分析采用趋势χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2014—2023年内江市报告梅毒病例共9370例,报告发病率总体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=704.64,P<0.001),年均增长率为10.81%。在梅毒病例构成中,以隐性梅毒为主,占86.58%,发病率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=994.58,P<0.001),Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期梅毒(早期梅毒)发病率从2014年的4.10/10万下降至2023年的2.21/10万(χ^(2)_(趋势)=35.11,P<0.001),年均降低6.64%。地区分布中威远县报告发病率最高,呈逐年上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=593.49,P<0.001)。男性发病率(29.39/10万)总体高于女性(25.47/10万)(χ^(2)=49.79,P<0.001)。报告发病率最高的年龄段为65岁及以上年龄组,达到45.65/10万,发病率呈逐年上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=194.57,P<0.001)。职业主要以农民为主,占总病例的59.41%。结论2014—2023年内江市早期梅毒发病呈下降趋势,但隐性梅毒报病持续增加,农村地区老年人群梅毒疫情需高度关注,应结合疫情特点制定更有针对的干预措施,控制梅毒的流行。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and change trend of syphilis in Neijiang City from 2014 to 2023,and to find out the key points of prevention and control and formulate effective prevention and control measures.Methods Syphilis cases reported from 2014 to 2023 were derived from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software.Statistical data were described by relative number and proportion(%),χ^(2)test was used for comparison between groups,and trend analysis was performed by trend-χ^(2)test,the test levelα=0.05.Results A total of 9370 cases of syphilis were reported in Neijiang City from2014 to 2023,and the reported incidence showed an increasing trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=704.64,P<0.001),with an average annual growth rate of 10.81%.In the composition of syphilis cases,cryptic syphilis was dominant,accounting for 86.58%,and the incidence showed an increasing trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=994.58,P<0.001).The incidence of stageⅠand stageⅡsyphilis(early syphilis)decreased from 4.10/10~5in 2014 to 2.21/10~5in 2023(χ^(2)_(trend)=35.11,P<0.001),an annual decrease of 6.64%.The incidence was the highest in Weiyuan county,with a significant upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=593.49,P<0.001).The incidence rate in males(29.39/10~5)was higher than that in females(25.47/10~5)(χ^(2)=49.79,P<0.001).The age group with the highest reported incidence was 65 years and above,reaching 45.65/10~5and showing an increasing trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=194.57,P<0.001).The main occupation was farmers,accounting for 59.41%of the total cases.Conclusions From 2014 to 2023,the incidence of early syphilis in Neijiang City showed a downward trend,but the reported recessive syphilis continued to increase.The syphilis epidemic in the elderly population in rural areas needs to be paid close attention to,and more targeted intervention measures should be formulated according to the epidemic characteristics to control the epidemic of syphilis.