城市被征地农民生态福利变化及补偿研究——基于武汉市的实证研究

Ecological Welfare Changes and Compensation of Urban Landless Farmers:An Empirical Study Based on Wuhan City

测算城市被征地农民的生态福利变化及影响因素,对改善农民的生态福利状况及制定科学合理的生态补偿标准具有重要意义。本文基于农民生态福利的指标体系,运用条件价值评估法对武汉市8个村庄失地农民的调研数据进行分析,采用回归分析法和方差分析法探究影响因素及异质性原因。结果表明:(1)征地区域、征地用途、农民对农地生态价值认知度是影响农民生态福利变化和生态补偿意愿的3个主要因素,并且征地区域和农地生态价值认知度对农民生态福利变化和生态补偿意愿的交互效应显著。(2)公益性用途征收时,农户的生态福利提升,农户愿意为生态福利改善支付费用;非公益性用途征收时,农户的生态福利降低,需要对其进行补偿。(3)征地使得近郊失地农民的生态福利变化更大,其补偿意愿值显著高于远郊。(4)农户的农地生态价值的认知度对征地生态补偿意愿值具有显著的正向影响。为此,建议将生态补偿纳入征地补偿制度中,结合征地区域、征地用途和农户的生态福利变化制定差异化的生态补偿标准,同时要提高农民的农地生态价值认知。

Calculating the ecological welfare changes and influencing factors of landless farmers is of great significance for improving their ecological welfare status and formulating scientific and reasonable ecological compensation standards.Based on the indicator system for the farmers'ecological welfare,the conditional value method was used to analyze the changes in the ecological welfare of landless farmers in eight villages in Wuhan City,and further regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to explore the influence factors and reasons for heterogeneity.The results indicate that:(1)the land acquisition location,use,and farmers'awareness of the ecological value of agricultural land is the three main factors affecting changes in farmers'ecological welfare.Moreover,the interaction effect of land acquisition location and ecological value awareness on changes in farmers'ecological welfare and willingness to ecological compensation is significant.(2)When land acquisition is used for public welfare purposes,the farmers'ecological welfare is improved,and farmers are willing to pay for the improvement of ecological welfare;when land acquisition is used for non-public welfare purposes,the farmers'ecological welfare decreases and compensation is needed.(3)Land acquisition has led to greater changes in the ecological welfare of landless farmers in the suburbs,and their willingness to compensate is significantly higher than that in the exurbs.(4)The recognition of the ecological value of agricultural land by farmers has a significant positive impact on the willingness of land acquisition ecological compensation.Therefore,it is recommended to include ecological compensation in the land acquisition compensation system,and to establish differentiated ecological compensation standards based on the land acquisition location,use,and changes in the farmers'ecological welfare.At the same time,it is necessary to improve farmers'awareness of the ecological value of agricultural land.