未遂犯处罚的理论根据探究——假定事实说的合理性兼“条件”标准作为“原因”的内涵

Exploration of the Theoretical Basis for Punishing Attempted Crimes--Assuming the Rationality of Factual Statements and the Criterion of“Conditions”as the Connotation of“Reasons”

未遂犯的处罚根据决定了未遂犯的范围,即不能犯和未遂犯的区分。“主观未遂论”基于主观主义刑法理论,将处罚根据求之于行为人主观的反规范性,认为只要表现出了法敌对意思,即成立未遂。“客观未遂论”坚持客观主义的视角,将处罚根据建立在法益侵害的危险性的基础上,进而只有行为具有既遂的危险性时才成立既遂。“印象理论”认为只有在行为人的犯罪意图足以震惊公众,使公众产生对法秩序的不信赖时,才能成立未遂。总体上看,客观未遂论是妥当的,同时,应当采取“客观未遂论”“客观危险说”“假定的事实说”,并且将假定的事实说中的“原因”标准认定为“条件”。

The punishment for attempted crimes is based on the determination of the scope of attempted crimes,that is,the distinction between non committed and attempted crimes.The subjective attempted crime theory is based on subjective criminal law theory,which seeks punishment based on the subjective anti normative nature of the perpetrator.It believes that as long as there is a manifestation of legal hostility,attempted crime is established.The"objective attempted theory"adheres to the perspective of objectivism,and establishes punishment based on the danger of infringement of legal interests.Therefore,only when the behavior has the danger of completion,it is considered completed.The Impression Theory holds that attempted crimes can only be established when the perpetrator's criminal intent is sufficient to shock the public and cause them to distrust the legal order.Overall,the objective near miss theory is appropriate,and at the same time,the"objective near miss theory""objective danger theory""assumed facttheory"sshould be adopted,and the"cause"standard in the assumed fact theory should be recognized as"condition".