福建省市售普洱茶中71种农药残留检测与分析

Detection and Analysis of 71 Pesticide Residues in Pu’er Tea in Fujian Province

为了解福建市场中普洱茶的农药残留情况,采购2022年1月至2023年6月市售的188份普洱茶样品,其中熟普92份,生普96份。采用气相色谱-质谱法和液相色谱-质谱法对样品的71项农药残留进行检测,依据GB 2763—2021标准判断,对检测结果进行分析和讨论。结果表明,188份普洱茶样品均符合国家食品安全标准,农药残留合格率100%,其中共检出农药残留样品98份,共计检出农药23种,均为非禁用农药,其中熟普农药残留检出率(66.30%)>生普农药残留检出率(38.54%);不同种类的农药检出率顺序为杀虫杀螨类>除草剂类>杀菌剂类,在检出的22种农药种类中,杀虫杀螨类检出率最高,熟普样品的联苯菊酯(38.04%)检出率最高,而生普样品的唑虫酰胺(16.67%)检出率最高。因此,从普洱茶农药残留检测结果来看,福建省市场流通普洱茶茶叶总体上未检测出违禁农药,在茶叶生产中茶农及企业常用的农药以联苯菊酯、唑虫酰胺、草甘膦居多,但农药残留的检出量也远小于限定值,说明在普洱茶茶叶生产区相关监管部门对农药市场的规范,以及茶园管理的农药合理使用均有较好的宣传和指导,对普洱茶产品质量保障建设有较好的成效。

One hundred eighty-eight samples of Pu’er tea sold on the market from January 2022 to June 2023 were purchased,including 92 ripe Pu’er and 96 raw Pu’er tea,to understand the pesticide residues of Pu’er tea on the Fujian market.The 71 pesticide residues of the samples were detected via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)and analyzed according to the standard of GB 2763-2021,and the results were analyzed and discussed.The results revealed that all 188 samples of Pu’er tea complied with the national food safety standards.The pesticide residue qualification rate was 100%,among which 98 samples of pesticide residues were detected,with a total of 22 kinds of pesticides detected,all of which were non-prohibited pesticides,among which the detection rate of pesticide residues in ripe Pu’er tea(66.3%)>pesticide residues in raw Pu’er tea(38.54%);the order of the detection rate of different kinds of pesticides was insecticidal and acaricidal class>herbicidal class.Among the 22 types of pesticides detected,the detection rate of insecticides and acaricides was the highest.In contrast,the detection rate of bifenthrin(38.04%)was the highest in the sample of ripe Pu’er,while the detection rate of azoxystrobin(16.7%)was the highest in the sample of raw Pu’er.Therefore,from the results of pesticide residue testing of Pu’er tea,no prohibited pesticides were detected in the market circulation of Pu’er tea in Fujian Province in general,and the pesticides commonly used by tea growers and enterprises in tea production were mostly bifenthrin,azoxystrobin,and glyphosate.However,the amount of pesticide residues detected was also much lower than the limit value,which indicates that,in the production area of Pu’er tea,the relevant supervisory departments regulate the pesticide market and that the pesticides used in the management of tea gardens have improved publicity and use.There is better publicity and use of pesticides.It shows that in the Pu’er tea production area,the relevant supervisory departments have better publicity and guidance on the regulation of the pesticide market and the reasonable use of pesticides in tea plantation management,which is more effective for ensuring the quality of Pu’er tea products.