从问题到主义:青年毛泽东对杜威实验主义问题观的 借鉴与超越

From Problem to Ideology:Young Mao Zedong’s Adaptation and Transcendence of John Dewey’s Experimentalist View on Problems——With the Constitution of the Problem Research Association as a model

《问题研究会章程》是研究青年毛泽东问题观的重要文本。青年毛泽东非常注重研究问题,以及观察问题的立场、观点和方法,这与五四新文化运动时期杜威提倡关于问题的思想方法密切相关。青年毛泽东深受杜威的影响,关注问题;强调研究问题一定要从实际出发,重视教育对社会的改造作用;非常重视通过调查研究解决问题,尤其是通过实地调查研究掌握第一手的资料;青年毛泽东强调主义是解决问题的前提,但是对主义认识的差异以及社会思潮的发展等因素的影响导致与杜威分道扬镳,最终选择了马克思主义唯物辩证法。

The Constitution of the Problem Research Association is an important document for studying the young Mao Zedong’s views on problems.As a young man,Mao Zedong attached great importance to researching on problems and the position,perspectives,and methods of observing problems.This is closely related to the ideas about problem-solving methods promoted by John Dewey during the period of May Fourth New Culture Movement.The young Mao Zedong was deeply influenced by Dewey.He focused attention on problems,emphasized that research must be grounded in reality and valued the transformative role of education in society.He attached great importance to solving problems through investigative research,especially by obtaining first-hand information through field investigations.The young Mao Zedong stressed that ideology is a prerequisite for solving problems.However,such factors as differences in understanding of ideologies and the influence of the development of social ideological trends led him to part ways from Dewey and ultimately choose Marxist materialist dialectics.