数字经济发展对农村女性就业特征的影响研究

The influence of digital economy development on the employment characteristics of rural women

数字经济已经成为我国高质量发展新引擎,推动了就业结构转型.文章从投入-产出视角构建综合数字经济指数,基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,采用半参数广义可加模型(GAM)探究数字经济对农村女性就业的动态影响和作用机制.研究发现,数字经济发展对农村女性就业特征的影响具有非线性特征.总体来看,随着数字经济发展,农村女性劳动参与率和劳动收入呈上升趋势,工作时间呈下降趋势;较高的数字经济发展水平对农村女性的工资性收入、经营性收入和从事制造业的促进作用减小,对女性从事高质量服务业发挥了积极的作用.机制分析表明数字经济通过提高农村女性可支配时间、累积人力资本和拓展信息获取渠道影响就业.异质性研究发现数字经济发展对高技能农村女性的就业和收入促进作用更强;乡村振兴战略有助于农村女性享受数字经济发展红利.因此,既要注重数字经济的发展,亦要关注农村女性适龄劳动人口知识技能素养的提升,充分发挥数字经济的资本累积效应,适应数字经济发展对高素质劳动力的要求.

Digital economy has become a new engine of high-quality development,promoting the transformation of employment structure.This paper constructs a comprehensive digital economy index from the perspective of input-output,and adopts semi-parametric generalized additive model(GAM)to study the impact and mechanism of digital economy on employment of rural women based on China Family Panel Studies(CFPS).The results show that,first,the relationship between digital economy and the employment characteristics of rural women is non-linear.With the development of digital economy,the labor participation rate and income of rural women show an upward trend,while working hours show a downward trend.Second,the higher level of digital economy has smaller positive effects on rural women’s wage income,business income and the employment in manufacturing industry,while it promotes women’s the employment probability of high-quality service industry more significantly.Third,digital economy influences rural women’s employment by increasing their disposable time,human capital and the access to information.In addition,the results of heterogeneity show that the digital economy affects more significantly on the employment probability and individual income of highly skilled rural women;It also plays a positive effect on women with heavy parenting burden;The rural revitalization strategy can help rural women adapts the development of digital economy.Therefore,the government should not only promote digital economy,but also improve the knowledge and skills of rural female,which can magnify the cumulative effects of the digital economy on human capital,and meet the requirements of the digital economy for high-quality labor force.