双重身份后发企业如何突破“卡脖子”困局?

How can latecomers with dual identities break through the"bottleneck"dilemma?

既有研究认为后发企业的追赶与超越有递进式特点,但在快速更迭且“卡脖子”的特殊情境中,出现了“追赶者”与“超越者”双重身份并存的后发实践,现有研究鲜有关注到这一独特情境下的双重身份困局,为此,本文以最优区分理论为切入点,基于海信集团在芯片领域追赶与超越并存的实践,探索当企业兼具双重身份时,如何利用最优区分机制实现“卡脖子”情境下后发突围。研究发现:(1)“卡脖子”情境下双重身份的后发突围需要经历孵化期和独立运营期两个阶段。在孵化期,“追赶者”及“超越者”身份分别需要跨越性能门槛和技术门槛,以此为基础进行差异化的补偿协奏。在独立运营期则均需跨越快速迭代门槛才能进行差异化的补偿协奏。(2)研究构建了双重身份下的整合协奏机制,包括贯穿于孵化与独立运营期的跨越式整合协奏和仅作用于相应阶段的阶段性整合机制。最后,本文构建了快速迭代且“卡脖子”情境下,双重身份后发企业的最优区分机制的理论框架图,以期为面临双重身份困局的后发企业提供借鉴。

Previous studies have suggested that the catching up and surpassing of latecomers have progressive characteristics,but in the special situation of rapid turnover and"bottleneck",there has been a practice of latecomers with dual identities of"catcher"and"surpasser"coexisting.However,existing research has rarely paid attention to the dual identity dilemma in this unique situation.Therefore,this study takes the optimal distinctiveness theory as the entry point.Based on the coexistence practice of catching up and surpassing in the chip field of Hisense,this paper explores the core issue of how to use the optimal distinctiveness mechanism to achieve a late breakthrough in the"bottleneck"situation when enterprises have dual identities at the same time.Research has found that:(1)in the context of"bottleneck"places the latecomer practice of this dual identity needs to go through two stages:the incubation period and the independent operation period.During the incubation period,the identities of"catcher"and"surpasser"need to cross performance and technical thresholds respectively,based on which differentiated compensation concertos can be carried out.During the independent operation period,it is necessary to cross the threshold of rapid iteration in order to perform differentiated compensation concertos.(2)We have studied and constructed a dual identity integrated concerto mechanism,including a leapfrog integrated concerto that runs through the incubation and independent operation periods,and a phased integrated mechanism that only applies to the corresponding stages.Finally,this study constructed a theoretical framework diagram for the optimal distinctiveness mechanism of dual identity latecomers under a rapidly iterative and"bottleneck"scenario,in order to provide some reference for latecomers facing the dilemma of dual identity.