“社会美育”:蔡元培美育思想的第二原理

“Social Aesthetic Education”:The Second Principle of CAI Yuan-pei's Thought on Aesthetic Education

蔡元培在大力提倡“以美育代宗教”的同时,长期重视社会美育,并在《美育实施的方法》中为之正名,提出“社会美育”的概念。蔡元培的美育思想是一个双线结构“,以美育代宗教”说与“社会美育”的互恰关系一以贯之,并行不悖,构成一主一从两大线索。在这个意义上说“,社会美育”构成了蔡元培美育思想的第二原理。在蔡元培那里“,社会美育”以陶养感情、促进人生为精神旨趣。对“社会美育”的建构与西方美学相关,也不乏结合本土传统的创造和开新。在20世纪30年代,蔡元培美育思想的开拓创新与抗日的烽火共始终,战争风云在其美学思想中留下了浓重的痕迹,也给其“社会美育”注入了勇猛悲壮的内涵,使之达到了新的升华。

CAI Yuan-pei,while strongly advocating “substituting religion with aesthetic education”,has long attached importance to social aesthetic education and put forward the concept of “social aesthetic education” in his “Methods of Implementing Aesthetic Education” to give it a proper name.CAI Yuan-pei's idea of aesthetic education is a two-line structure,“substituting religion with aesthetic education” and “social aesthetic education” of the mutual relationship between the consistent,parallel and not contradictory,constituting one main and one subordinate major clue.In this sense,“social aesthetic education” constitutes the second principle of CAI Yuan-pei's thought on aesthetic education.In CAI Yuan-pei's place,“social aesthetic education” to cultivate feelings,promote life as the spiritual interest.The construction of “social aesthetic education” is related to Western aesthetics,and it also includes creativity and innovation in combination with local traditions.In the 1930s,CAI Yuan-pei's pioneering and innovative ideas of aesthetic education ran parallel with the flames of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,leaving a profound mark of the wartime atmosphere on his aesthetic thoughts.It also infused his concept of “social aesthetic education” with a sense of courage and tragedy,elevating it to a new level of sublimation.