“老去填词”在词史上的尊体价值及范式意义

The Value and Paradigmatic Significance of “Filling in Lyrics in Old Age” in the History of Lyrics

浙西词派领袖朱彝尊早年好诗,后转而嗜词,以词抒写其遗民情感及半生零落的悲凉心绪,首倡“老去填词”说,树立了“老去填词”的经典形象,在后世引起广泛共鸣,“老去填词”逐渐成为词体创作的新范式。晚近时期,随着世风、学风的转变,“老去填词”成为诸多文人普遍选择的寄怀人生之方式,开拓出词体创作的新境界。与词史上“悔其少作”的现象相比,“老去填词”在意境上追求“老”之一境,深化了词体的表达意境,提升了词体的品格,是学问之词的典型体现,同时也反映出晚近时期的民族情绪及士人的心理特征。从对词体的体认来说,“老去填词”标志着清代词学“尊体”事业的九转功成。

ZHU Yi-zun,the leader of the Western Zhejiang School of Lyricists,was good at poetry in his early years,and then turned to lyrics,expressing his feelings of being a survivor of the people and the sadness of being lost in half of his life.He advocated “filling in lyrics in old age” and established the classic image that has caused wide resonance in the later generations.It gradually became a new paradigm for lyric creation.In the late modern period,with the transformation of the social and academic trends,“filling in lyrics in old age” became a common choice of many literati,opening up a new realm of lyric creation.Compared with the phenomenon of “regretting their lesser works” in the history of lyrics,“filling in lyrics in old age” pursued the realm of “old age” in the context,deepened the expression of lyrics,and upgraded the character of lyrics.It is a typical embodiment of the words of learning,and also reflects the national sentiment and the psychological characteristics of the scholars in the late modern period.In terms of the recognition of the style of lyrics,“filling in lyrics in old age” marks the completion of the cause of “Zun style” of the Qing Dynasty's lexicography.