肺肉瘤样癌生物学特征及临床治疗的研究进展

Biological characteristics and clinical treatment advances in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma

肺肉瘤样癌(PSC)是一类罕见且高侵袭性的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)病理亚型,预后通常较差。PSC的特殊性在于其肿瘤组织中同时存在癌成分和肉瘤样成分,并伴有较高的基因突变频率及免疫浸润。传统化疗方案对于PSC患者疗效有限。近年来,部分基因突变位点阳性的PSC患者经靶向治疗取得了较好的效果。与此同时,鉴于PSC肿瘤微环境中较高的免疫浸润水平和免疫检查点表达水平,为免疫检查点抑制剂的应用提供了理论依据,免疫及免疫联合治疗在多数PSC患者中展现出优异的疗效。然而,当前关于PSC的基础研究和前瞻性临床研究仍非常匮乏,亟待更多研究和临床试验的开展。文章综述了PSC的生物学特征并系统总结了各类治疗方案的临床疗效。

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma(PSC)is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)with a poor prognosis.PSC is characterized by both carcinoma and sarcomatoid components,high genetic mutation rates,and significant immune infiltration.Traditional chemotherapy has limited efficacy in PSC.Recently,targeted therapies have shown better outcomes for PSC patients with specific gene mutations.The high levels of immune infiltration and checkpoint expression in PSC provide a basis for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Immunotherapy and combination treatments have demonstrated promising results.However,more research and clinical trials are urgently needed.This article reviews the biological characteristics of PSC and summarizes the clinical efficacy of various treatments.