节能环保产业政策对企业技术创新的影响研究

Research on the impact of energy conservation and environmental protection industry policies on the technological innovation of enterprises

节能环保产业的高质量发展,是我国实现创新驱动战略和绿色低碳转型的重要引擎。然而节能环保产业政策对企业技术创新是发挥资源补偿效应还是挤出效应?企业的策略性创新行为对选择不同创新类型有何影响?目前学界尚未达成共识。本文以《关于加快发展节能环保产业的意见》的出台为准自然实验,运用双重差分模型实证检验了节能环保产业政策对企业创新的影响效果及作用机制。研究发现:(1)节能环保产业政策会在非绿色技术创新活动上诱发“资源补偿效应”,但企业总是以策略性非绿色创新来回应政府扶持,从而引致了对绿色创新的“挤出效应”。(2)节能环保产业政策尚未提升公众的环境关心水平;研发投入是产业政策引发策略性非绿色创新效应的关键传导因素。(3)小规模企业和市场化程度高的地区的企业更明显地受到政策干预而进行创新活动,但是实质性创新和绿色创新的动力不强。本文对推动节能环保产业的绿色低碳高质量发展具有一定的启示。

The high-quality development of the energy conservation and environmental protection industry is a crucial driver for China to achieve the innovation-driven strategy and green low-carbon transformation.However,it remains unclear whether China's policies on energy conservation and environmental protection industries produce a resource compensation effect or a crowding-out effect on corporate technological innovation.Moreover,how a firm's strategic innovation behavior influences its choice of different types of innovation is still a subject of investigation.This study addressed these questions by using the promulgation of the Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Industry as a natural experiment and employing the difference-in-differences method to empirically examine the effects and mechanisms of these policies on firm innovation.We found that energy conservation and environmental protection policies generate a"resource compensation effect"on non-green technological innovation activities.However,firms often strategically pursue non-green innovation in response to goverment support,leading to a"crowding-out effect"on green innovation.Furthermore,industry policies have yet to effectively elevate public environmental awareness.R&D investment serves as a crucial transmission factor for the strategic non-green innovation effects induced by these policies.Finally,small-scale enterprises and firms in more market-oriented regions are more significantly affected by policy interventions concerning innovation activities.However,their motivation for substantive and green innovation is weak.This paper will provide important insights for formulating and implementing more robust policies for the energy conservation and environmental protection industry.