混合所有制改革对民营企业高层次人才配置的影响研究

Research on the influence of mixed ownership reform on the staffing of high-level talents in private enterprises

人才是激发经济创新活力的关键生产要素,民营企业能否通过混合所有制改革提升人才吸引力,是促进民营经济发展壮大过程中需要回答的关键问题。本文选取2008—2019年民营上市公司为研究样本,使用OLS模型、中介效应模型,实证检验了混合所有制改革对民营企业高层次人才配置的提升作用与影响路径。研究发现:参与混改的国有股东为央企或其距离政府的金字塔控制链较短时,这种提升作用更加显著。提升路径为降低民营企业冗员、提高薪酬激励水平与加快企业发展进程。截面分析发现,国有股东参股主要优化了无国企历史背景、企业历史较短的民营企业高层次人才配置,并促进了欠发达地区以及非资本性资源依赖型民营企业高层次人才的引进。最后,国有股东参股通过促进高层次人才配置强化了民营企业创新产出。研究结果证明了国有股东参股对民营企业具有人力资源支持效应,优化高层次人才配置是解释民营企业混改创新效应的重要理论路径,为实现民营经济获取人才竞争中性的发展环境并实现高质量发展提供了改革参考。

The talent is a key factor of production to stimulate economic innovation.Whether private enterprises can increase talent attraction through mixed ownership reform is a key issue that needs to be answered in the process of promoting the development and expansion of private economy.This study selected the private listed companies from 2008 to 2019 as research samples,used the OLS model and mediating effect model to empirically test the promotion effect and influence path of mixed ownership reform on the staffing of high-level talents in private enterprises.The results showed that when the state-owned shareholders involved in mixed ownership reform are central enterprises or they are shorter from the pyramid control chain of the government,the promotion effect is more significant.The path of the promotion effect is to reduce redundancy in private enterprises,improve salary incentive levels,and accelerate the development of enterprises.Cross-sectional analysis found that state-owned shareholders mainly optimized the staffing of high-level talent in private enterprises without a history of state-owned enterprises or with a short history of enterprises,and promoted the introduction of high-level talent in underdeveloped areas and non-capital resource-dependent private enterprises.Finally,state-owned shareholders strengthened the innovation output of private enterprises by promoting the staffing of high-level talents.The research results proved that state-owned shareholders have human resource support effect on private enterprises,and optimizing the staffing of high-level talents is an important theoretical path to explain the innovation effect of mixed ownership reform in private enterprises.It will provide a reform reference for achieving a competitive development environment for private enterprises to obtain talents and achieve high-quality development.