2020~2023年广西柳州市猪主要病毒性传染病的流行病学调查与分析

Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis of Main Viral Infectious Diseases in Pigs in Liuzhou City,Guangxi from 2020 to 2023

为了解广西柳州地区猪主要病毒性传染病的流行情况及变化规律,本试验应用实时荧光RT-PCR及实时荧光PCR对2020~2023年柳州市部分地区屠宰场、散养猪场和规模猪场的组织、抗凝血、棉拭子进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV和Nsp21559-1680变异株)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪圆环病毒2型和3型(PCV2-3)和猪塞内卡A型病病毒(SVA)4种疫病病原检测。检测结果显示:(1)HPRRSV Nsp21559-1680变异株、PRRSV、CSFV、PCV2、PCV3、SVA的病原平均阳性率分别为0.00%(0/191)、8.04%(191/2377)、0.08%(2/2377)、45.23%(992/2193)、32.74%(718/2193)、0.16%(2/1239);(2)PRRSV、PCV2、PCV3感染率较高,CSFV和SVA为零星感染,其中PCV2的感染率呈逐年下降趋势,PRRSV和PCV3的感染率波动较大,2020~2022年呈逐年下降趋势,2023年较2022年的感染率呈上升趋势;(3)PCV2和PCV3在不同年份度中健康猪样品病原阳性率均高于病死猪样品病原阳性率,而PRRSV在不同年份度中健康猪样品病原阳性率均低于病死猪样品病原阳性率;二重感染以PCV2混合其他病毒感染为主,其中PCV2和PCV3感染较为严重,平均感染率为15.18%;(4)三重感染以PRRSV、PCV2、PCV3混合感染较为严重,平均感染率为2.74%。结果表明:PRRSV、PCV2、PCV3是目前对广西柳州市猪群危害较为严重的主要病毒性疫病,且混合感染较为普遍,应进一步加强流行病学监测,并制定科学合理的免疫程序和计划强化各场点的生物安全防控措施,减少病原的污染、传播与流行,促进广西柳州市生猪行业的健康稳定发展。

In order to understand the epidemic situation and changing rule of major viral infectious diseases in pigs in Liuzhou area of Guangxi,this experiment used Real-time fluorescence RT-PCR and Real-time fluorescence PCR to detect the tissue,anticoagulant and cotton swabs of slaughterhouses,free-range households and large-scale pig farms in some areas of Liuzhou City from 2020 to 2023.Four pathogens of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV and Nsp21559-1680 mutant),classical swine fever virus(CSFV),porcine circovirus type 2 and type 3(PCV2-3)and porcine Seneca virus type A(SVA)were detected.The results showed that:(1)The average positive rates of HPRRSV Nsp21559-1680 mutant,PRRSV,CSFV,PCV2,PCV3 and SVAwere 0.00%(0/191),8.04%(191/2377),0.08%(2/2377),45.23%(992/2193),32.74%(718/2193)and 0.16%(2/1239),respectively;(2)The infection rates of PRRSV,PCV2 and PCV3 were higher,and the infection rates of CSFV and SVA were sporadic.The infection rate of PCV2 decreased year by year,and the infection rates of PRRSV and PCV3 fluctuated greatly.The infection rate decreased year by year from 2020 to 2022,and the infection rate in 2023 was higher than that in 2022.(3)The positive rate of PCV2 and PCV3 in healthy pig samples was higher than that in dead pig samples in different years,while the positive rate of PRRSV in healthy pig samples was lower than that in dead pig samples in different years.PCV2 mixed with other virus infection was the main type of PCV2 double infection,and PCV2 and PCV3 infection were more serious,with an average infection rate of 15.18%.(4)The mixed infection of PRRSV,PCV2 and PCV3 was more serious in triple infection,with an average infection rate of 2.74%.The results showed that PRRSV,PCV2 and PCV3 were the main viral diseases that caused serious harm to pig herds in Liuzhou City,Guangxi,and mixed infection was more common.Epidemiological monitoring should be further strengthened,scientific and reasonable immunization procedures and plans should be formulated,and biosafety prevention and control measures at various sites should be strengthened to reduce the pollution,spread and prevalence of pathogens and promote the healthy and stable development of the pig industry in Liuzhou City,Guangxi.