新型研发机构的组织视角:一个SCGP理论框架

Organizational Perspective of New R&D Institutions:An SCGP Theoretical Framework

从第一家新型研发机构建立至今,新型研发机构已走过20多个年头。已有文献从新型研发机构的组建方式、资源投入、治理机制、绩效评价评估等多种角度进行了探讨,然而,从组织的视角对新型研发机构进行研究的文献数量不多,并且缺少一个分析框架。从组织视角,分析了新型研发机构的组建过程经历了跨界融合和资源整合,并借鉴产业组织理论的“结构—行为—绩效”SCP框架,构建了“结构—行为—治理—绩效”(SCGP)分析框架。按照SCGP框架,从组织结构上看,新型研发机构兼具平台组织、混合组织和中介组织的属性;从组织行为上看,新型研发机构的平台组织属性使其构建了研发、转化、投资、孵化和人才培养等一体化的创新;从治理机制上看,新型研发机构需要在内部机制和外部机制共同作用下确保健康运行;从组织绩效上看,新型研发机构的混合组织属性决定了其组织目标的多重性。以SCGP框架对江苏省产业技术研究院进行案例分析,结果发现江苏省产业技术研究院以“理事会+院本部+研究所”三层组织结构,合同科研、创新联合体、创投资金、与高校联合培养研究生等一体化的组织行为,“一所两制”“拨投结合”等创新治理机制,实现了高组织绩效运行。

It has been over 20 years since the establishment of the first new R&D institution.The emergence of new R&D institutions is precisely in the context of deep integration of government,industry,and academia,which is of great significance for solving the problem of"bottleneck"in key core technologies,promoting achievement transformation,promoting the construction of regional innovation systems,and promoting high-quality economic development.The existing literature has explored the new R&D institutions from the perspectives of formation methods,resource investment,governance mechanisms,performance evaluation.However,there are few literatures on research on new research and develop-ment institutions from an organizational perspective,and there is a lack of an overall analytical framework.From an organi-zational perspective,the study proposes that new a R&D institution is an industrial R&D organization formed through cross-border integration and resource integration.Drawing on the"Structure-Conduct-Performance"(SCP)framework of industrial organization theory,this study constructs a"Structure-Conduct-Mechanism-Performance"(SCGP)analysis frame-work by considering the need for new R&D institutions to ensure organizational operation through formal governance mechanisms.From organizational structure perspective,new R&D institutions have three organizational attributes:first,platform organization.New R&D institutions play a bridge intermediary role,creating value together with other organizations in the entire innovation ecosystem.Second,hybrid organization.New R&D institutions are composite carrier innovation organizations with multiple organizational goals,functions,and identities.Third,intermediary organization.New R&D institutions cross the boundaries among government,industry and university,and require formal governance mechanisms to coordinate and carry out deep cooperation.From organizational conduct perspective,new R&D institutions engage in various R&D innovation activities such as scientific research,technological development,pilot and scale up,product development,and enterprise incubation,achieving value through integrated R&D.From governance perspective,new R&D institutions operate under the joint action of internal governance mechanisms such as decision-making mechanism,talent system,incentive mechanism,and risk sharing mechanism,as well as external government support mechanism.From organizational performance perspective,new R&D institutions can be measured from technical performance,R&D service performance,and economic performance.Among them,technical performance is the foundation of R&D service performance,R&D service performance is the intermediate value of providing R&D services to small and medium-sized enterprises,and economic performance is the purpose of implementing new R&D institutions to serve the social economy.According to the SCGP framework,a case study was conducted on Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute(JITRI).It was found that the JITRI had a three-level organizational structure of"council+headquarters of the institute+research institute";carried out integrated innovation through contract research,innovation consortiums,the establishment of venture capital funds,and joint training of graduate students with universities;explored governance mechanisms such as"one institute with two systems",and"combination of allocation and investment",which has achieved high organizational performance operations.The SCGP framework has broad application space in case studies and empirical studies.For example,from organizational structure perspective,the number,type,and resource allocation of hosting units will be an influencing factor on the organizational performance of new R&D institutions.The main contributions of the research are:firstly,the construction of the"SCGP"analysis framework enriches the connotation and extension of industrial organization theory.Secondly,from an organizational perspective,it deeply reveals the factors that affect the performance of new R&D institutions,expanding the existing research paradigm.Thirdly,the study deepens the application of the SCGP analysis framework through a single case study conducted by JITRI.