《群魔》:案件重叙出的“可能世界”

Demons:The“Possible Worlds”Created by the Retelling of Cases

陀思妥耶夫斯基后期长篇小说大部分题材来源于现实生活中的真实案件或新闻,其中涅恰耶夫案件之于《群魔》的影响最为直接。作家以文学重叙现实案件既是始终关注俄罗斯“历史与流动着的现实”的表现,也折射出他身处混乱时代的焦虑,还借助案件重叙再现出被历史所遮蔽的其他可能性,疏解和反抗自身的焦虑,并将未来俄罗斯文化壮大之路的希望寄托于理想型知识分子。案件重叙因此造就了《群魔》中具有双重指向的“可能世界”。

The themes of Dostoevsky's later novels are largely derived from reallife cases or news events,as is evident in Demons,which is most directly influenced by the Nechaev case.Dostoevsky's retelling of real-life cases is not only a constant focus on Russia's“history and flowing reality,”but also a reflection of his anxiety in an era of disorder.Moreover,through the retelling of cases,he presents other possibilities that history has obscured in order to alleviate and fight against his own anxiety.Meanwhile,he pins hope of the revitalization of Russian culture on idealized intellectuals.Therefore,case retelling creates“possible worlds”with dual orientations in Demons.