基于牧户视角的草原水资源价值评估与价值实现——来自草地灌溉服务选择实验的证据

Valuation of grassland water resources and value realization from the herders’perspective:Evidence from a discrete choice experiment on grassland irrigation services

【目的】水资源短缺已成为制约草原地区发展的主要障碍,从牧户视角探讨草原水资源价值并尝试构建可行的灌溉服务收费方案对于促进草原水资源价值实现具有重要意义。【方法】基于2021年内蒙古牧区调研数据,通过选择实验法模拟灌溉服务,运用随机参数逻辑回归等模型测算草原水资源价值并分析成本收益。【结果】①牧户视角的草原水资源平均价值约为0.603~0.654元/m^(3),其中荒漠草原地区水资源价值仅为0.130元/m^(3),典型草原地区水资源价值达到1.366元/m^(3),草甸草原地区水资源价值为0.640元/m^(3);②牧户愿意为改善草原水资源的稀缺状况而购买付费灌溉服务。同时,牧户对不同服务提供方存在差异性偏好,相较于村委会(基层村民自治组织),更偏好于由政府和农业企业提供灌溉服务,且灌溉频率的提高能显著增加牧户福利。此外,异质性分析表明,草原经营面积小的牧户更倾向于购买付费灌溉服务且更偏好高频率的灌溉服务。③草地灌溉服务收费方案和成本-收益分析结果表明,草地灌溉服务的成本小于牧户获得的主观收益。④以提供人工增雨技术服务为例,估算内蒙古牧区牧户通过购买该灌溉服务可获得约10.312亿元/年的消费者剩余。【结论】不同草原类型对水资源价值有显著影响。此外,牧户对改善草原水资源稀缺状况的付费灌溉服务有实际需求,提高灌溉频率可以增加牧户的效用,政府和农业企业在提供灌溉服务方面具有重要作用。最后,提供灌溉服务具有经济可行性,可以通过提供付费草地灌溉服务实现草原水资源价值。

[Objective]Water scarcity has become a major constraint to the development of grassland regions.From the perspective of herders,exploring the value of grassland water resources and attempting to establish a feasible pricing scheme for irrigation services is of great significance in promoting the realization of the value of grassland water resources.[Methods]Using survey data from pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia in 2021,this study employed the choice experiment method to simulate irrigation services,applied the random parameters logit regression model to analyze and estimate the value of grassland water resources,and conducted a cost-benefit analysis.[Results](1)From the herders’perspective,the value of water resources reaches 0.130 Yuan/m^(3) in the desert grassland areas,1.366 Yuan/m^(3) in the typical grassland areas,and around 0.640 Yuan/m^(3) in the meadow grassland areas;(2)Herders are willing to pay for grassland irrigation services to improve their water scarce situation.They have differential preferences for different service providers and demonstrate a stronger preference for irrigation services provided by the government and agricultural enterprises compared to village committees.The increase in irrigation frequency can significantly improve herders’well-being.Heterogeneity analysis indicated that herders with smaller land management area are more inclined to purchase paid irrigation services and prefer higher frequency irrigation services;(3)The fee scheme for grassland irrigation services and the results of cost-benefit analysis indicate that the cost of providing grassland irrigation services is much lower than the subjective benefits obtained by herders.(4)Taking the provision of artificial rainmaking technology as an example,herders in Inner Mongolia can obtain an annual consumer surplus of approximately 1.031 billion Yuan by purchasing irrigation services.[Conclusion]Different types of grasslands significantly influence the value of water resources.Furthermore,herders have a real demand for paid irrigation services to reduce the scarcity of grassland water resources,increasing the frequency of irrigation can enhance herders’utility,and the government and agricultural enterprises play an important role in providing irrigation services.Finally,providing irrigation services is economically viable,and the value of grassland water resources can be realized through the provision of paid grassland irrigation services.