“小田并大田”政策对三重农地规模经营的影响——以广东省阳山县为例

Impact of “consolidating small plots into a large field” policyon farmland large-scale management from three dimensions:Taking Yangshan County in Guangdong Province as an example

【目的】“小田并大田”已成为国家农业政策的重要组成部分,全面评估“小田并大田”政策对农地规模经营的影响具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。【方法】基于全国“小田并大田”的政策背景,本文以广东省阳山县实施“土地整治并块”的外生政策冲击为观察窗口,利用一套土地专题跟踪调查的准实验数据,采用广义双重差分模型,从地块规模、经营规模和连片规模3个维度识别其对农地规模经营的影响。【结果】①土地整治政策的地块规模的扩大效应显著,促使农户的平均地块面积扩大12.0%,地块数量减少28.8%;②土地整治有助于激励农户将土地转给新型农业经营主体,改变“小农复制”的格局,有效扩大农地经营规模;③土地整治还会提升农户邻近地块种植同类作物的可能性,实现连片规模经营;④土地整治政策所激发的农业规模经营效应将推动农户家庭劳动力走向专业化就业,但相对于纯务农而言,对纯务工的影响更大。【结论】在大国小农的背景下,贯彻实施兼顾“工程建设与权属调整”的“小田并大田”政策是中国农业经营方式从细碎化向规模化转型的重要突破口,具有深远而广泛的战略意义。需要明确强调的是,必须改变以往中国土地整治政策实施过程中的工程化趋势,高度重视土地权属调整合并工作。

[Objective]Land consolidation has become an important component of national agricultural policies,and a thorough evaluation of its impact on farmland large-scale management is both practically and theoretically significant.[Methods]Based on the policy context of“consolidating small plots into a large field”(CSPLF),this study took the exogenous shock in Yangshan County,Guangdong Province as an observation window,and used data from a quasinatural experiment and the generalized difference-in-differences model to identify its impact on farmland large-scale management from three dimensions:plot scale,operating scale,and continuous planting scale.[Results]The results indicate that the expansion effect of CSPLF policy on plot scale is significant,with an increase of 12%in the plot area and a 28.8%drop in the number of plots.The CSPLF policy motivates farmers to rent out land to new agricultural operating entities,changing the pattern of“small-scale farmers replications”,and achieving large-scale operating management.It also increases the possibility of farmers growing similar crops on adjacent plots,thus achieving continuous planting scale.Further analysis shows that the farmland large-scale management stimulated by the CSPLF policy can deepen the division of household labor,especially in non-agricultural employment.[Conclusion]The findings of this study demonstrate that CSPLF policy plays an important role in the transformation of China’s farmland large-scale management mode,which has far-reaching strategic implications.The study highlights that we need to change the engineering trend in the implementation of CSPLF policy of the past,and attach great importance to land tenure rights adjustment.