城乡融合对中国农业生态效率的影响及其机制

Impact of urban-rural integration on agricultural ecological efficiency in China and mechanism

【目的】城乡融合是影响农业生态效率的关键要素,本文通过厘清两者之间的逻辑关系及其机制,为推动农业生态效率稳步提升、促进农业绿色发展提供政策启示。【方法】基于2006—2020年中国31个省份的面板数据,采用熵值法和Super-NSBM模型分别对城乡融合水平、农业生态效率及其子阶段进行测度,分析城乡融合和农业生态效率的时空演进,然后综合运用固定效应模型和门槛效应模型剖析了城乡融合对农业生态效率的影响及其作用机制。【结果】①城乡融合不仅可以有效促进农业生态效率的提高,而且在农业生产积累阶段和农业生态治理阶段均呈现显著的促进作用,城乡融合主要是通过改善技术效率对农业生态效率产生影响。从城乡融合分解项来看,土地的融合和资本的融合是农业生态效率提升的关键所在。②从地理区位和粮食生产功能区异质性来看,中西部地区的城乡融合对农业生态效率有显著的提升作用,而东部地区的作用效果并不显著。相较于粮食主产区,城乡融合在非粮食主产区可以产生出更大的农业生态效率提升效应。③随着城乡融合发展水平的提高,城乡融合对农业生态效率的促进作用存在着显著的门槛效应,即城乡融合对农业生态效率的正向影响具备边际效应递减的特征。【结论】城乡融合对中国农业生态效率具有积极影响,且这一影响具备地理区位异质性、粮食生产功能区异质性和门槛效应。为此,应鼓励绿色创新技术的自主开发和引进,拓宽绿色生产技术应用渠道,通过建立差别化的城乡融合发展体制机制,推动人、土地、资本高效融合,以实现农业绿色和经济增长的协调发展。

[Objective]Urban-rural integration is a key factor affecting agricultural ecological efficiency.This paper clarifies the logical relationship between the two and its mechanism,hoping to provide policy enlightenment for promoting the steady improvement of agricultural ecological efficiency and promoting the green development of agriculture. [Methods] Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China’s mainland from 2006 to 2020, the entropy method and Super-NSBM model were used to measure urban-rural integration and agricultural ecological efficiency and their sub-stages, and the spatial distribution of urban-rural integration and agricultural ecological efficiency was compared and analyzed. Then the fixed effect model and threshold effect model were used to analyze the influence of urban-rural integration on agricultural ecological efficiency and its mechanism. [Results] The results show that urban-rural integration could not only effectively promote the improvement of agricultural ecological efficiency, but also significantly promote the agricultural production accumulation stage and the agricultural ecological management stage. Urban-rural integration had an impact on agricultural ecological efficiency mainly through improving technical efficiency. Based on the decomposition of urban-rural integration, the integration of land and capital was the key to improve agricultural ecological efficiency. From the perspective of geographical location heterogeneity and grain production functional area heterogeneity, in the central and western regions, the integrated development of urban and rural areas played a significant role in promoting agricultural ecological efficiency, while the effect in the eastern region was not significant. Compared with major grain-producing areas, urban-rural integration in non-major grain-producing areas can produce a more significant and larger effect on improving agricultural ecological efficiency. With the improvement of the development level of urban-rural integration, the promotion effect of urban-rural integration on agricultural ecological efficiency had a significant threshold effect, that is, the positive impact of urban-rural integration on agricultural ecological efficiency was characterized by diminishing marginal effect.[Conclusion] Rural-urban integration had a positive impact on agricultural ecological efficiency in China, and this impact showed geographical location heterogeneity, grain production functional area heterogeneity, and threshold effect. To this end, the independent development and introduction of green innovative technologies should be encouraged, the application channels of green production technologies should be broadened, and the efficient integration of people, land, and capital should be promoted through the establishment of differentiated urban-rural integrated development systems and mechanisms, in order to realize the coordinated development of green agricultural production and economic growth.