不同油酸含量花生品种全生育期耐旱性鉴定指标筛选和综合评价

Selection and Comprehensive Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Identification Indexes During the Whole Growth Period for Peanut Varieties with Different Oleic Acid Contents

干旱是限制我国花生产量和品质的关键环境因素之一。为探究不同油酸含量花生对干旱胁迫的反应,筛选抗旱优质花生品种,以18个普通品种和18个高油酸品种为试材,设置全生育期正常灌水和中度干旱胁迫2个处理,通过测定花生产量及其构成因素和籽粒品质指标,并结合多元统计学分析方法,对不同类型花生种质的全生育期耐旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明:全生育期干旱胁迫下,各品种的产量及其构成因素和可溶性糖含量显著降低,高油酸花生籽粒粗脂肪含量、油酸含量和油亚比显著降低,亚油酸含量显著升高,而普通花生籽粒品质并没有发生显著变化。结合逐步回归分析建立的全生育期耐旱性综合评价数学模型和灰色关联度分析结果发现,全生育期中度干旱条件下,单株产量、百果重、单株荚果数、饱果率和可溶性糖含量可作为普通花生耐旱性鉴定的指标,单株产量、百仁重、油亚比、饱果率和单株荚果数可作为高油酸花生耐旱性鉴定的指标。基于各指标抗旱系数的主成分分析、综合隶属函数和聚类分析结果,最终筛选出普通耐旱品种HY25,普通旱敏感品种FH18;高油酸耐旱品种JH16、KN71、HY665和KN1715;高油酸旱敏感品种HY52和HY951。

Drought is one of the key environmental factors limiting peanut production and quality in China.In order to explore the response of peanuts with different oleic acid contents to drought stress,and to screen for drought-resistant and high-quality peanut germplasm,this study selected 18 common peanut varieties and 18 high oleic peanut varieties as materials.Two treatments,normal irrigation and moderate drought stress,were set during the whole growth period.By assessing the yield,its components,and grain quality indexes while employing multivariate statistical analysis methods,a comprehensive evaluation was conducted to determine the drought tolerance of different types of peanut germplasm during the whole growth period.The results revealed that under the drought stress throughout the whole growth period,the yield and its constituent factors,as well as the soluble sugar content,were significantly reduced in all varieties.The fat content,oleic acid content,and oleic-to-linoleic acid ratio of high oleic acid peanut kernels were significantly decreased,while the linoleic acid content showed a significant increase.However,no significant changes were observed in the grain quality of regular peanut kernels.The combined findings of the comprehensive drought tolerance evaluation mathematical model established through stepwise regression analysis and the grey relational analysis revealed that individual plant yield,hundred-pod weight,number of pods per plant,pod filling rate,and soluble sugar content can be used as indicators for identifying drought tolerance in common peanuts during the whole growth period,while individual plant yield,hundred-seed weight,ratio of oleic acid and linoleic acid,pod filling rate,and number of pods per plant can be used as indicators for identifying drought tolerance in high oleic peanuts during the whole growth period.Based on principal component analysis of drought resistance coefficients for various parameters,comprehensive membership function analysis,and cluster analysis,the drought-tolerant common variety HY25 and drought-sensitive common variety FH18 were selected,as well as the drought-tolerant high oleic varieties JH16,KN71,HY665 and KN1715,and the drought-sensitive high oleic varieties HY52 and HY951.