不同蛋白源和蛋白水平日粮对尼古拉火鸡生长性能及养殖经济效益的影响研究

A study on the effect of low-soybean meal and low-protein ration on Nicholas turkey’s growth performance

选择1日龄尼古拉火鸡360只,结合体型、性别比例将其随机划分为9组,每组设4个重复,每个重复有10只。试验分为0~4周龄以及5~8周龄2个阶段,并使用3×3双因素实验方法,研究常规蛋白质水平日粮(玉米-豆粕型、玉米-低豆粕添加型、糙米-玉米-低豆粕添加型)、降低2个百分点蛋白质水平日粮(玉米-豆粕型、玉米-低豆粕添加型、糙米-玉米-低豆粕添加型)、降低4个百分点蛋白质水平日粮(玉米-豆粕型、玉米-低豆粕添加型、糙米-玉米-低豆粕添加型)对尼古拉火鸡生长性能的影响。试验结果表明,与玉米-豆粕型、常规蛋白质水平日粮相比,降低2个百分点蛋白质水平日粮组火鸡采食量、料肉比、体增重差异不显著(P>0.05);降低4个百分点蛋白质水平日粮组火鸡采食量差异不显著(P>0.05);但料肉比显著增高,体增重显著降低,差异显著(P<0.05)。适当添加棉籽粕、菜籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、DDGS等原料,降低豆粕添加量的日粮对火鸡的增重及饲料利用率无显著影响(P>0.05),用糙米大比例替代玉米添加并平衡日粮营养水平,火鸡的生产性能也未受到影响,而且也降低了豆粕的添加量,提高了养殖经济效益。

360 one-day-old Nicholas turkeys were chosen and randomized into 9 groups based on ratios of body shape and sex.In each group,there were 4 repeating subgroups(n=10).The experiment consisted of two stages,namely 0-4-week-old and 5-8-week-old.3×3 two-factor approach was employed.The whole study was to determine the effect of normal protein ration(corn-soybean meal,corn and low soybean meal,brown rice-corn-and-low-soybean-meal),ration with 2%lower protein level(corn-soybean meal,corn and low soybean meal,brown rice-corn-and-low-soybean-meal),and ration with 4%lower protein level(corn-soybean meal,corn and low soybean meal,brown rice-corn-and-low-soybean-meal)on Nicholas turkey’s growth performance.The experimental results suggest compared with corn-soybean-meal and normal protein ration groups,the ration group with 2%lower protein level showed no significant difference in terms of feed intake,feed conversion rate,and liveweight gain(P>0.05),while the ration group with 4%lower protein level appeared insignificantly different in feed intake(P>0.05)but showed significantly higher feed conversion rate and lower liveweight gain(P<0.05).Proper addition of such ingredients as cotton seed meal,rape seed meal,protein powder,and DDGS produced no significant effect on either turkey’s liveweight gain or feed conversion rate(P>0.05).When corn was substantially substituted with brown rice and ration nutrition was better balanced,the turkey’s growth performance remained unchanged.This practice also lowered the level of soybean meal in the feed.