不同年龄军事飞行人员对比敏感度与调节近点的比较与分析

Comparison and analysis of contrast sensitivity and near point distance of military pilots of different ages

目的比较不同年龄组军事飞行人员的对比敏感度、近视力和调节近点,探讨年龄对飞行视觉功能的影响。方法随机抽选某疗养中心的军事飞行人员81名,均为男性,按飞行人员年龄分为4组,即20~30岁组、>30~40岁组、>40~50岁组及>50~60岁组。采用Metrovision MonPackOne检测飞行人员对比敏感度和瞳孔大小,近视力检测采用标准对数近视力表,采用移近法测量调节近点。结果右眼中空间频率(4 c/d)及高空间频率(16 c/d)下,>50~60岁组对比敏感度明显低于其他各年龄组(P<0.05);左眼高空间频率(16 c/d)下,>40~50岁组及>50~60岁组对比敏感度明显低于>30~40岁组(P<0.05)。>40~50岁组右、左眼logMAR近视力和调节近点均显著高于20~30岁组及>30~40岁组(P<0.05);>50~60岁组右、左眼logMAR近视力和调节近点均显著高于其他各年龄组(P<0.05)。暗环境下,>40~50岁组及>50~60岁组右眼瞳孔大小显著小于20~30岁组(P<0.05);明环境下,>30~40岁组及>40~50岁组右、左眼瞳孔大小均显著小于20~30岁组(P<0.05);>50~60岁组右眼明暗瞳孔变化差值明显低于20~30岁组(P<0.05)。结论年长飞行人员存在轻度的视觉功能下降,主要体现在高空间频率对比敏感度、近视力的下降以及调节功能的不足。为合理延长其飞行年限,精准筛查及科学改善年龄相关的视觉功能降低是下一步的工作重点。

Objective To compare the contrast sensitivity,near vision,and near point distance of military pilots of different age groups,and explore the impact of age on flight visual function.Methods Eighty-one male military pilots from a nursing center were randomly selected and divided into 4 age groups(2030 years,>3040 years,>4050 years and>5060 years).Contrast sensitivity and pupil size were tested by Metrovision MonPackOne,standard logarithmic near vision chart was used for near vision test,and near point distance was measured by using proximity method.Results The contrast sensitivity of 4 c/d and 16 c/d in right eye of age group of>5060 years was significantly lower than that in any other age groups(P<0.05),and the contrast sensitivity of 16 c/d in left eye of age group of>4050 and>5060 years were significantly lower than that in age group of>3040 years(P<0.05).LogMAR near vision and near point distance of each eye in age group of>4050 years were significantly higher than those in age group of 2030 and>3040 years(P<0.05),and logMAR near vision and near point distance of each eye in age group of>5060 years were significantly higher than those in any other age groups(P<0.05).The right-eye pupil size in age group of>4050 and>5060 years was significantly smaller than that in age group of 2030 years under dark background(P<0.05).Each pupil size in age group of>3040 and>4050 years was significantly smaller than that in age group of 2030 years under bright background(P<0.05).The pupil size changes between bright and dark background in age group of>5060 years was significantly lower than that in age group of 2030 years(P<0.05).Conclusion Older pilots experience mild visual impairment of lower high spatial frequency contrast sensitivity,decreased near vision,and insufficient regulatory function.In order to reasonably extend their flight duration,precise screening and scientific improvement of age-related visual impairment are the next focus of work.