比较基因组学研究进展

Research progress on comparative genomics

人类基因组计划实施过程中产生了庞大而复杂的基因组数据,单一物种的基因组信息有限,比较不同生物的基因组可揭示基因组中蕴含的丰富信息,在基因组序列比对和功能揭示过程中发展出了比较基因组学。比较基因组学可用于预测基因数目、位置、功能、表达机制,甚或进行生物演化分析,是进行基因组结构与功能注释的有力工具,有助于揭示生命遗传变异、演化发展的奥秘。本文通过学术搜索相关生物技术信息数据库,对比较基因组学的发展历史、研究内容和核心研究方法等方面进行了文献综述,为后续基因组的研究提供指导和帮助。

During the implementation of the Human Genome Project,massive and complicated genomic data are generated,and the genomic information of a single species is limited.Comparing the genomes of different organisms can reveal the rich information contained in the genome,and comparative genomics has developed in the process of genome sequence alignment and function disclosure.Comparative genomics can be used to predict the number,location,function,and expression mechanism of genes,and to analyze biological evolution,which is a powerful tool for annotating genome structure and function,and contributes to reveal the mystery of genetic variation and evolutionary development of life.In this paper,the development history,research content and core research methods of comparative genomics are reviewed through academic search of relevant biotechnology information databases,so as to provide guidance and help for further research on genomics.