信息网络犯罪案件认定中口供的证明功能与实践应对

The Proof Function and Practical Response of Confessions in the Identification of Information Network Crime Cases

智能化高质量发展的崭新时代,电子数据逐渐成为刑事司法中不可或缺的证据表现形式与内涵,海量的电子数据令口供在证据结构中的地位与证明体系中的功能均呈现出迥异于传统的实践新样态。口供的证明功能开始逐步向辅助确定被追诉人身份、提高电子数据采信率、巩固全案证明体系转变。作为一项直接证据与言词证据,口供证明功能的发挥必须建立在口供内容自愿、真实、合法的基础之上,否则将会异化诉讼理念,损害诉讼效益,甚至在“零口供”下陷入案件证明体系的桎梏。因此,对待口供必须采取理性的态度,不断探索降低倚重口供的程序路径,建立电子痕迹身份识别方法、增强电子数据自身证明力以及引入网络犯罪刑事推定制度等,以期更好发挥口供在当前信息网络犯罪案件认定中的证明功能。

In the new era of intelligent and high-quality development,electronic data has gradually become an indispensable form and connotation of evidence in criminal justice.Massive electronic data has made the position of confession in the evidence structure and the function of the proof system different from the traditional practice.The proof function of confession began to gradually change to assist in determining the identity of the accused,improving the acceptance rate of electronic data,and consolidating the proof system of the whole case.As a direct evidence and verbal evidence,the function of confession proof must be based on the voluntary,true and legal basis of confession content.Otherwise,it will alienate the concept of litigation,damage the effectiveness of litigation,and even fall into the shackles of the case proof system under“zero confession”.Therefore,we must take a rational attitude towards confession,constantly explore the procedural path to reduce the reliance on confession,establish an electronic trace identification method,enhance the probative force of electronic data itself,and introduce the criminal presumption system of cybercrime,so as to better play the probative function of confession in the current governance of information network crime cases.