市政污水处理厂碳排放核算及降碳实施路径

Carbon emission accounting and carbon reduction implementation paths for municipal wastewater treatment plants

温室气体排放过量加剧了全球气候变化,降低二氧化碳排放被视为解决气候问题的主要途径,成为全球性关注的议题。污水处理过程中产生的温室气体排放是我国碳排放控制的重要一环,日益增加的污水处理量和处理程度使污水处理碳中和面临巨大的挑战。“十四五”期间,推进污水处理行业的碳减排,实现减污降碳、协同增效,是我国实现“双碳”目标不可或缺的关键举措。文章通过总结我国目前市政污水处理厂碳排放的现状,梳理了污水处理厂碳排放核算的依据和方法,分析了污水处理主要排放关键环节,提出了直接排放控制和间接排放控制2种减排路径。重点探讨了直接排放控制中的高效脱氮技术、厌氧共消化技术和资源回收技术的应用,以及间接排放控制中的智慧管控平台升级、太阳能光伏补偿等策略。结合国内外低碳污水处理厂的设计理念和运行工艺,期望能为我国污水处理的低碳化、智慧化提供指引,为实现污水处理碳中和提供理论支持。

Excessive greenhouse gas emissions have exacerbated global climate change.Reducing carbon dioxide emissions is considered a primary approach to addressing climate issues,making it a topic of global concern.Greenhouse gas emissions from sewage treatment are an important part of China's carbon emission control.The increasing volume and extent of sewage treatment make sewage treatment carbon neutral a huge challenge.During the"14th Five-Year Plan"period,promoting carbon emission reduction in the wastewater treatment industry and realizing the synergy between pollution reduction and carbon reduction is the key initiatives indispensable for China to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Current carbon emissions status from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China were summarized,the basis and methods for carbon emission accounting in sewage treatment plants were outlined,and the key emission points of sewage treatment were analyzed.2 emission reduction pathways:direct emission control and indirect emission control were put forward.The focus was on exploring the application of high-efficiency denitrification technology,anaerobic co-digestion technology,and resource recovery technology for direct emission control.Additionally,strategies such as upgrading smart control platforms and implementing solar photovoltaic compensation were discussed for indirect emission control.By integrating design concepts and operational processes from low-carbon wastewater treatment plants domestically and abroad,it is expected to provide guidance for the low-carbon and intelligent transformation of sewage treatment in China and to offer theoretical support for achieving carbon neutrality in wastewater treatment.