数字泰勒主义的生成逻辑、问题表征与改造方案

The Generative Logic,Problems and Solutions of Digital Taylorism

近年来,全球反抗亚马逊公司的工人运动引发了学界对数字泰勒主义的广泛关注。数字泰勒主义的生成具有深刻的历史逻辑和现实逻辑,它既继承了泰勒主义以分工协作、监督控制的方式实现“效率至上”的精神实质,又是当代资本主义经济危机、工人阶级运动和数字技术革命交织作用的结果。数字泰勒主义是当代数字资本主义生产组织形式的理论方法体系,它以数据的剥夺性积累为计量研究提供新的基础,用“数字化流水线”的劳动分工新模式强化对工人阶级的支配,用算法纪律的监督控制方法塑造了工人“自我规训”的新形态,推动数字技术成为新的“异己的”力量。数字泰勒主义的弊病在于它是服务于资本主义生产方式的。实现“数字泰勒主义”向“数字科学管理”的改造,关键在于实现由“效率至上”向“人民至上”的价值转向,在方法选择上要兼顾“效率提升”与“劳动者权益保障”,但更为根本的是要引领“数字资本主义”迈向“数字社会主义”。

In recent years,the global workers'movement against Amazon called“Make Amazon Pay”has triggered extensive attention to digital Taylorism in the academic world.The generation of digital Taylorism has a profound historical and practical logic,which not only inherits the spirit of Taylorism,which realizes“efficiency first”by means of division of labor and supervision and control,but also is the result of the intertwined effects of the contemporary capitalist economic crisis,the working class movement,and the revolution of digital technology.Digital Taylorism is the theoretical and methodological system of contemporary digital capitalist production organization,which provides a new basis for measurement research through the dispossessive accumulation of data,reinforces the domination of the working class through the“digital assembly line”model of labor division,and shapes the“self-regulation”of workers through the supervisory and control methods of algorithmic discipline.The“digital assembly line”model of the division of labor reinforces the domination of the working class,shapes workers“self-regulation”through the supervisory control of algorithmic discipline,and pushes digital technology to become a new“dissident”force.The downside of digital Taylorism is that it serves the capitalist mode of production.The key to realizing the transformation of“Digital Taylorism”into“digital scientific management”lies in realizing the value shift from“efficiency first”to“people first”.The key is to realize the value shift from“efficiency first”to“people first”,and to take into account both“efficiency improvement”and“protection of workersrights and interests”in the choice of methods.But more fundamentally,we must lead“digital capitalism”towards“digital socialism”.