匈牙利青民盟民族新自由主义政策评析

A Study on the National Neoliberal Policy of Fidesz-led Government in Hungary

匈牙利青民盟政府借助民众对新自由主义经济政策的不满,推行民族新自由主义政策。其主要内容是通过行业税与投资促进、紧缩与社会投资削减、有选择的再分配政策来实现新自由主义经济范式与国家利益之间的妥协,即利用国家权力来支持国内资本,增强匈牙利本土企业竞争力,同时也为从事制造业出口的外国公司提供充分激励。这一政策强化了威权资本主义,加剧了经济结构性困境,并没有改变外资主导型发展模式。总体来看,民族新自由主义政策仍是新自由主义的延续,它在安抚国内企业和特定社会阶层的同时,加剧了社会不平等和劳动力市场不稳定,并未将匈牙利带入可持续的发展轨道。

The Fidesz-led government in Hungary pursues national-neoliberalism by using popular dissatisfaction with neoliberal economic policies.It achieves a compromise between the neoliberal economic paradigm and the national interests through sectoral special taxes and investment promotion,austerity and social investment cuts,and selective redistribution policies,that is,to use state power to promote domestic capital and enhance the competitiveness of domestic enterprises,while also providing ample incentives for FDI-based export manufacturing.This policy has strengthened authoritarian capitalism and exacerbated the structural dilemmas of the economy,but has not changed the foreign-led development model.Overall,national neoliberal policies remain a continuation of neoliberalism.While appeasing domestic businesses and special social classes,it has exacerbated social inequality and labor market instability and has not put Hungary on a sustainable development track.