从历代文献探究蒙古书面语“元音+■”和“元音+■”的性质及其演变规律

Exploring the Nature and Evolutionary Patterns of"Vowel+■"and"Vowel+■"in Mongolian Script Based on Historical Documents

回鹘式蒙古文或现行蒙古文词中元音之后的■是音节、复合元音还是音节末辅音?学者们持有不同的观点。在蒙古文中,■是多音字形,因此单从蒙古文文献或上述字符自身所包含的信息很难判定其性质。本文以婆罗米文蒙古语文献、八思巴字蒙古语文献、托忒文文献等不同时期蒙古语文献为依据,从■所对应的字符序列阐释了其性质和演变规律。我们认为,在古代蒙古语词中元音之后的“■”表示一个单独的音节“yi”,但到中期蒙古语随着“y”的元音属性的逐渐突出,这一书写形式也发生了变化,词中依然是单独的音节,但词末变成了复合元音的组成部分。再到托忒文或现代蒙古文,词中和词末均变成了构成复合元音的元素。

Scholars hold different views on whether the"■"and"■"following vowels in the words of Uighurjin Mongolian or current Mongolian text are syllables,compound vowels,or syllable-ending consonants,In Mongolian script,"■"and"■"are polyphonic,corresponding to consonant"y"and vowel"I"in words,Therefores it is difficult to determire their nature solely from literature in Mongolian script or the characters thenselves.Based on Mongolian literature in the Brahrni script,Mongolian literature in the'Phags-pa script,and Mongolian literature in the Todo script from different periods,this article explains the nature and evolutionary patterns of the character sequences corresponding to"■"and"■".It is believed that in ancient Mongolian words,"■"after vowels represents a separate syllable"yi",but by the middle Mongolian period,with the gradual prominence of the vowel property of"у",this writing form also changed,where it remains a single syllable in the word,but at the end of the word,it becomes a cоmponent of a compound vowel.Furthermore,in Todo or modern Mongolian script,both in the middle and at the end of the word,it has become the elements constituting a compourd vowel.